{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:40:00Z","timestamp":1781286000690,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The etiology of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an endemic osteochondropathy, is largely unknown. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) plays a central role in the initiation and progression of cartilage destruction, however, no study has reported on the relationship between KBD and MMP-3. The objective of this study was to explore the polymorphism of MMP-3 gene and expression of MMP-3 \/ TIMP-1(Tissue inhibitors of matrixmetalloproteinases-1) in the pathogenesis of KBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was conducted in 274 KBD cases and 248 healthy controls for eight SNPs in MMP-3 using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. Additionally, the expression of MMP-3\u3001TIMP-1 in different layers of the articular cartilage was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for 22 KBD patients, 15 osteoarthritis (OA) patients and 21 controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results showed that six SNPs (rs520540\u3001rs591058\u3001rs679620\u3001rs602128\u3001rs639752 and rs678815) in MMP-3 were associated with the increased risk of KBD, however, after Bonferroni correction, only the SNP rs679620 in the recessive model remained significant difference (OR\u2009=\u20092.31, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.29\u20134.14,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0039), homozygous for \u201cT\u201d allele have a risk for KBD than \u201cC\u201d allele carriers. Moreover, the percentages of cells expressing MMP-3 in articular cartilage were significantly higher in the KBD and OA groups than in the controls (\n                      <jats:italic>t\u2009=\u20095.37 and 4.19<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01). While the KBD and OA groups had lower levels of TIMP-1 positive staining compared with the controls (\n                      <jats:italic>t\u2009=\u20095.23and 5.06<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01). And there was no significant different between KBD and OA for the levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 positive staining (\n                      <jats:italic>t\u2009=\u20090.05and 0.28<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MMP-3 is associated with the susceptibility of KBD, and the imbalance expression of MMPs \/ TIMPs leading to cartilage degradation may play an important role in cartilage degradation and osteoarthritis formation in OA and KBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04952-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T10:04:01Z","timestamp":1641204241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Polymorphism of MMP-3 gene and imbalance expression of MMP-3 \/ TIMP-1 in articular cartilage are associated with an endemic osteochondropathy, Kashin- Beck disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Bohui","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aili","family":"Iv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengtie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4952_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27282","volume":"62","author":"C Duan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duan C, Guo X, Zhang XD, Yu HJ, Yan H, Gao Y, et al. 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Written informed consent was also obtained from the subjects or their relatives.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"No conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3"}}