{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T20:28:43Z","timestamp":1773865723350,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Identifying remission is of high importance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because remission is associated with less structural progression. We investigated the efficacy of a new optical imaging device, HandScan, to identify RA remission, as defined by ultrasound (US).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>61 RA patients were included. Disease activity was evaluated by clinical assessment and US, using gray-scale (GS) and Power Doppler (PD). HandScan determined unitary optical spectral transmission (OST) values for wrists, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. At the patient level, three composite HandScan (HS) scores were calculated: total HS score; disease activity score OST (DAS-OST) and DAS-OST without patient global assessment (PtGA). Using ROC curves, we determined HS cut-offs to identify US-defined remission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At the joint level, unitary OST values significantly correlated with GS synovitis [odds ratio (OR) 2.43, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001] and PD positivity (OR 3.72, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.0002\u00a0). At the patient level, total HS score and DAS-OST were significantly associated with all gray-scale US (GSUS) and power doppler US (PDUS) parameters evaluated (synovitis number and grade, synovial thickness, PD grade) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The cut-off to identify US-defined remission at the joint level was of 0.92, giving an 81% sensitivity and a 96% positive predictive value (PPV). At the patient level, ROC-curves failed to identify a robust cut-off for the total HS score, but did identify a cut-off (3.68) for DAS-OST to identify US-defined remission, but with lower sensitivity (75%), specificity (56%) and PPV (67%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HandScan is a non-invasive optical imaging technique providing OST values that correlate with GSUS and PDUS parameters. In addition, HandScan is able to reliably identify US-defined remission in RA at the joint level, with a good sensitivity and high PPV. At the patient level, HandScan DAS-OST can also determine US remission (while total HS score failed to do so), but with lower performance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07472-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T05:03:45Z","timestamp":1715058225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optical imaging (HandScan) can identify ultrasound remission in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Charline","family":"Rinkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Malaise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florane","family":"Chauveheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Gerard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Malaise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clio","family":"Ribbens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"7472_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.02.006","volume":"46","author":"GS Firestein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Firestein GS, McInnes IB. Immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunity. 2017;46:183\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.02.006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"7472_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Szkudlarek M, Klarlund M, Narvestad E, Court-Payen M, Strandberg C, Jensen KE, Thomsen HS, \u00d8stergaard M. Ultrasonography of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging, conventional radiography and clinical examination. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar1904","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1904"},{"key":"7472_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213217","volume":"77","author":"G Filippou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Filippou G, Sakellariou G, Scir\u00e8 CA, Carrara G, Rumi F, Bellis E, Adinolfi A, Batticciotto A, Bortoluzzi A, Cagnotto G, et al. The predictive role of ultrasound-detected tenosynovitis and joint synovitis for flare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in stable remission. Results of an Italian multicentre study of the Italian Society for Rheumatology Group for Ultrasound: the STA. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77:1283\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213217","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"7472_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex531","volume":"57","author":"NJ Besselink","year":"2018","unstructured":"Besselink NJ, van der Meijde P, Rensen WHJ, Meijer PBL, Marijnissen ACA, van Laar JM, Lafeber FPJG, Jacobs JWG. Optical spectral transmission to assess inflammation in hand and wrist joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. 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The study was approved by the ethical committee of the university hospital of Li\u00e8ge (B70720108722). Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"361"}}