{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:12:24Z","timestamp":1779343944860,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012544","name":"China Medical University, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU111-MF-92"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU111-MF-92"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Metacarpal shaft fracture is a common type of hand fracture. Numerous studies have explored fixing transverse fractures in the midshaft of the metacarpal bone. However, this section of the metacarpal bone is often susceptible to high-energy injury, resulting in comminuted fracture or bone loss. In such cases, wedge-shaped bone defects can develop in the metacarpal shaft, increasing the difficulty of performing fracture fixation. Notably, the research on this type of fracture fixation is limited. This study compared the abilities of four fixation methods to fix metacarpal shaft fractures with wedge-shaped bone defects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 28 artificial metacarpal bones were used. To create wedge-shaped bone defects, an electric saw was used to create metacarpal shaft fractures at the midshaft of each bone. The artificial metacarpal bones were then divided into four groups for fixation. The bones in the first group were fixed with a dorsal locked plate (DP group), those in the second group were fixed with a volar locked plate (VP group), and those in the third group were fixed by combining dorsal and volar locked plates (DP\u2009+\u2009VP group), and those in the fourth group were fixed with two K-wires (2\u00a0K group). Cantilever bending tests were conducted using a material testing machine to measure yielding force and stiffness. The four groups\u2019 fixation capabilities were then assessed through analysis of variance and Tukey\u2019s test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The DP\u2009+\u2009VP group (164.1\u00b144.0\u00a0N) achieved a significantly higher yielding force relative to the 2\u00a0K group (50.7\u2009\u00b1\u20098.9\u00a0N); the DP group (13.6\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0\u00a0N) and VP group (12.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u00a0N) did not differ significantly in terms of yielding force, with both achieving lower yielding forces relative to the DP\u2009+\u2009VP group and 2\u00a0K group. The DP\u2009+\u2009VP group (19.8\u00b16.3\u00a0N\/mm) achieved the highest level of stiffness, and the other three groups did not differ significantly in terms of stiffness (2\u00a0K group, 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u00a0N\/mm; DP group, 4.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u00a0N\/mm; VP group, 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u00a0N\/mm).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The fixation method involving the combined use of dorsal and volar locked plates (DP\u2009+\u2009VP group) resulted in optimal outcomes with respect to fixing metacarpal shaft fractures with volar wedge bone defects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07482-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T06:02:00Z","timestamp":1714716120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biomechanical analysis of plate versus K-wire fixation for metacarpal shaft fractures with wedge-shaped bone defects"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yung-Cheng","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Yu","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-En","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Wei","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Nien","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Tzu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jui-Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"7482_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.06.006","volume":"31","author":"LM Feehan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Feehan LM, Sheps SB. Incidence and demographics of hand fractures in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based study. J Hand Surg Am. 2006;31(7):e10681\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"7482_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.02.018","volume":"22","author":"K Kawamura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kawamura K, Chung KC. Fixation choices for closed simple unstable oblique phalangeal and metacarpal fractures. Hand Clin. 2006;22(3):287\u201395.","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"7482_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32933","DOI":"10.5812\/atr.32933","volume":"5","author":"EM Padegimas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Padegimas EM, Warrender WJ, Jones CM, Ilyas AM. Metacarpal neck fractures: a review of surgical indications and techniques. Arch Trauma Res. 2016;5(3):e32933.","journal-title":"Arch Trauma Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"7482_CR4","first-page":"e9442","volume":"12","author":"MH Hussain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hussain MH, Ghaffar A, Choudry Q, Iqbal Z, Khan MN. Management of fifth metacarpal neck fracture (boxer\u2019s fracture): a literature review. Cureus. 2020;12(7):e9442.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"01","key":"7482_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810412500098","volume":"17","author":"A Sahu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sahu A, Gujral S, Batra S, Mills S, Srinivasan M. The current practice of the management of little finger metacarpal fractures\u2014a review of the literature and results of a survey conducted among upper limb surgeons in the United Kingdom. Hand Surg. 2012;17(01):55\u201363.","journal-title":"Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"7482_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.02.017","volume":"22","author":"JL Orbay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Orbay JL, Touhami A. The treatment of unstable metacarpal and phalangeal shaft fractures with flexible nonlocking and locking intramedullary nails. Hand Clin. 2006;22(3):279\u201386.","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"7482_CR7","first-page":"252","volume":"85","author":"C Carlo Biz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carlo Biz C, Iacobellis. Comparison of percutaneous intramedullary Kirschner wire and interfragmentary screw fixation of displaced extra-articular metacarpal fractures. Acta Biomed. 2014;85(3):252\u201364.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"3","key":"7482_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200203000-00019","volume":"52","author":"C Fusetti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fusetti C, Meyer H, Borisch N, Stern R, Della Santa D, Papalo\u00efzos M. Complications of plate fixation in metacarpal fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2002;52(3):535\u20139.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"7482_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80157-3","volume":"23","author":"SM Page","year":"1998","unstructured":"Page SM, Stern PJ. Complications and range of motion following plate fixation of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 1998;23(5):827\u201332.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"7482_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04200-0","volume":"22","author":"FG Dyrna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dyrna FG, Avery DM, Yoshida R, Lam D, Oeckenp\u00f6hler S, Cote MP, et al. Metacarpal shaft fixation: a biomechanical comparison of dorsal plating, lag screws, and headless compression screws. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"7482_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2014.18.187.3347","volume":"18","author":"H Boussakri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boussakri H, Elidrissi M, Azarkane M, Bensaad S, Bachiri M, Shimi M, et al. Fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal bone, treated by percutaneous intramedullary nailing: surgical technique, radiological and clinical results study (28 cases). Pan Afr Med J. 2014;18:187.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"7482_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80120-2","volume":"20","author":"C Low","year":"1995","unstructured":"Low C, Wong H, Low Y, Wong H. A cadaver study of the effects of dorsal angulation and shortening of the metacarpal shaft on the extension and flexion force ratios of the index and little fingers. J Hand Surg Am. 1995;20(5):609\u201313.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"7482_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(98)00029-1","volume":"13","author":"BP Pereira","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pereira BP, Low CK, Ng RTH, Low YP, Wong HP. The effect of fracture malunion at the mid-shaft of the metacarpal on the extrinsic muscle forces. Clin Biomech. 1998;13(7):485\u201391.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"2","key":"7482_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200003000-00005","volume":"8","author":"SH Kozin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kozin SH, Thoder JJ, Lieberman G. Operative treatment of metacarpal and phalangeal shaft fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2000;8(2):111\u201321.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"7482_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-021-03960-7","volume":"141","author":"SM Cha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cha SM, Kang JW, Shin HD, Lee SH, Lee CW. Antegrade intramedullary nailing in comminuted, open metacarpal bone fracture: maintenance of the length. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141(10):1815\u201323.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7482_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2010.01.005","volume":"26","author":"AK Balaram","year":"2010","unstructured":"Balaram AK, Bednar MS. Complications after the fractures of metacarpal and phalanges. Hand Clin. 2010;26(2):169\u201377.","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"7482_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2019.10.013","volume":"19","author":"SN Izmalkov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Izmalkov SN, Semenkin OM, Bratiichuk AN, Litvinov SA. Opening-wedge V-shaped corrective osteotomy for malunited fractures of metacarpal bones. J Orthop. 2020;19:208\u201311.","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"7482_CR18","first-page":"121","volume":"55","author":"D Ring","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ring D. Malunion and nonunion of the metacarpals and phalanges. Instr Course Lect. 2006;55:121\u20138.","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"4","key":"7482_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-013-9544-3","volume":"8","author":"C Barr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barr C, Behn AW, Yao J. Plating of metacarpal fractures with locked or nonlocked screws, a biomechanical study: how many cortices are really necessary? Hand (N Y). 2013;8(4):454\u20139.","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7482_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02575-3","volume":"16","author":"Y-C Chiu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiu Y-C, Hsu C-E, Ho T-Y, Ting Y-N, Tsai M-T, Hsu J-T. Bone plate fixation ability on the dorsal and lateral sides of a metacarpal shaft transverse fracture. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7482_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-014-9673-3","volume":"10","author":"AJ Watt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Watt AJ, Ching RP, Huang JI. Biomechanical evaluation of metacarpal fracture fixation: application of a 90 degrees internal fixation model. Hand (N Y). 2015;10(1):94\u20139.","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"4","key":"7482_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-022-00713-8","volume":"42","author":"C-Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang C-Y, Liu T-Y, Hsu J-T, Tsai M-T. Biomechanical analysis of new cross locking plates for metacarpal neck fracture. J Med Biol Eng. 2022;42(4):404\u201313.","journal-title":"J Med Biol Eng"},{"key":"7482_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648787","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/648787","volume":"2014","author":"S Doht","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doht S, Meffert RH, Raschke MJ, Blunk T, Ochman S. Biomechanical analysis of the efficacy of locking plates during cyclic loading in metacarpal fractures. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:648787.","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"3","key":"7482_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-015-9744-0","volume":"10","author":"P Malasitt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malasitt P, Owen JR, Tremblay M-A, Wayne JS, Isaacs JE. Fixation for metacarpal neck fracture: a biomechanical study. Hand. 2015;10(3):438\u201343.","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"7482_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1100\/2011\/465371","volume":"11","author":"S Ochman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ochman S, Vordemvenne T, Paletta J, Raschke MJ, Meffert RH, Doht S. Experimental fracture model versus osteotomy model in metacarpal bone plate fixation. ScientificWorldJournal. 2011;11:1692\u20138.","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"1","key":"7482_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.04.020","volume":"49","author":"CM Beaumont","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beaumont CM, Beason DP, McKeon KE. Fracture fixation strength in metacarpal plating versus intramedullary nailing using a 3-Point bending model: a cadaveric, biomechanical study. J Hand Surg Am. 2024;49(1):57. e1-57.e6.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"27","key":"7482_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6926","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006926","volume":"96","author":"E Liodaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liodaki E, Wendlandt R, Waizner K, Schopp BE, Mailander P, Stang F. A biomechanical analysis of plate fixation using unicortical and bicortical screws in transverse metacarpal fracture models subjected to 4-point bending and dynamical bending test. Med (Baltim). 2017;96(27):e6926.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"7482_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2022.09.014","volume":"39","author":"M Maden","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maden M, Dulgeroglu AM, Bacaksiz T, Kazimoglu C. Does pin configuration matter in modified tension band wiring for transverse patellar fracture? A biomechanical study. Knee. 2022;39:300\u20137.","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"3","key":"7482_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4055\/cios20253","volume":"13","author":"Y Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim Y, Kwon M, Ryu JY, Moon SW. Biomechanical analysis of the Kirschner-Wire depth of the modified tension band wiring technique in transverse patellar fractures: an experimental study using the finite-element method. Clin Orthop Surg. 2021;13(3):315.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"7482_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.07.005","volume":"34","author":"VK Gajendran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gajendran VK, Szabo RM, Myo GK, Curtiss SB. Biomechanical comparison of double-row locking plates versus single-and double-row non-locking plates in a comminuted metacarpal fracture model. J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34(10):1851\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"7482_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934211017705","volume":"47","author":"JG Galbraith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Galbraith JG, Huntington LS, Borbas P, Ackland DC, Tham SK, Ek ET. Biomechanical comparison of intramedullary screw fixation, dorsal plating and K-wire fixation for stable metacarpal shaft fractures. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2022;47(2):172\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7482_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717731859","volume":"14","author":"CM Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones CM, Padegimas EM, Weikert N, Greulich S, Ilyas AM, Siegler S. Headless screw fixation of metacarpal neck fractures: a mechanical comparative analysis. Hand. 2019;14(2):187\u201392.","journal-title":"Hand"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-024-07482-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12891-024-07482-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-024-07482-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T06:04:05Z","timestamp":1714716245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12891-024-07482-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-024-07482-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"350"}}