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The relative cross-sectional area (rCSA), and relative functional cross-sectional area (rfCSA) of paraspinal muscles were measured, and the degree of fatty infiltration (FI) was calculated. Based on occupational differences, the patients were also divided into worker and farmer groups, and the same measurements were taken on them.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At the L3\/L4 level, the multifidus (MF) FI was greater in the DS and IS groups than in the control group, the erector spinae (ES) rfCSA was higher in the IS group than in the DS and control groups. At the L4\/L5 level, MF rfCSA was smaller in the DS and IS groups than in the control group; ES rfCSA was higher in the IS group than in the DS and control groups. At the L5\/S1 level, MF rfCSA was smaller in the DS and IS groups than in the control group; ES rfCSA was higher in the IS group than in the DS group. At the L3\/L4, L4\/L5 level, MF rfCSA were higher in the worker group than in the farmer group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The morphological changes in paraspinal muscles in patients with DS were dominated by selective atrophy of the MF, while in patients with IS, the morphological changes in paraspinal muscle showed selective atrophy of the MF accompanied by compensatory hypertrophy of the ES. The surgeon should consider the morphological differences in paraspinal muscle between different types of lumbar spondylolisthesis when establishing the appropriate surgical program.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07532-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T03:43:18Z","timestamp":1716522198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["What are the differences in paraspinal muscle morphometry among degenerative spondylolisthesis patients, isthmic spondylolisthesis patients, and healthy individuals? 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Approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committees of the Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital (2023-062-01). The Ethics Committee of Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital shall waive informed consent for research using medical records obtained in previous clinical treatment if the following conditions are met: 1. The information used in this research is obtained in previous clinical treatment. 2. The risk of this research to the subjects is not greater than the minimal risk (the likelihood and degree of the expected risk of the experiment is not greater than the risk of daily life or routine physical examination or heart test). 3. The waiver of informed consent will not adversely affect the rights and health of the subject. 4. The subject\u2019s privacy and personally identifiable information is protected. 5. This study does not make use of medical information to which the subject has previously and explicitly refused to make use. This was a retrospective study and met the above conditions for waiver of informed consent, therefore the waiver of informed consent for this study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"410"}}