{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T06:50:24Z","timestamp":1745391024787,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018778","name":"Al-Azhar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Several tests have been suggested for screening and diagnosis of cervical spine and shoulder girdle conditions underlying shoulder pain with variable degrees of clinical accuracy. The present study aimed to test the reliability, clinical benefit and screening value of the Swimmer Arm-to-Shoulder (SAS) test; a new clinical test developed to differentiate shoulder impingement from cervical radiculopathy in patients with shoulder pain of \u2264\u200912 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study included 718 patients aged 40\u201365 years, with unilateral and localized shoulder girdle pain lasting for \u2264\u200912 weeks. Diagnosis based on clinical, electromyography and radiological findings was considered as the reference gold standard for test assessment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Clinical diagnosis identified shoulder pathology in 288 patients (40.1%) and cervical spine pathology in 430 patients (59.9%). SAS test was positive in 274 patients (38.2%). The SAS test proved to be effective in distinguishing shoulder from cervical spine pathology with a sensitivity of 89.2% (95% CI: 85.0-92.6%), specificity of 96.1% (95% CI: 93.8\u201397.7%), PPV of 93.8% (95% CI: 90.5\u201396.0%), NPV of 93.0% (95% CI: 90.5\u201394.9%), LR\u2009+\u2009of 22.6% (95% CI: 14.1\u201336.0%), LR- of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.08\u20130.16) and accuracy of 93.3% (95% CI: 91.2\u201395.0%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SAS test is an easy to perform, patient dependent and reliable as a screening test and diagnosis confirmatory test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-08013-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T10:41:59Z","timestamp":1732185719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Swimmer arm-to-shoulder test for early differentiation between shoulder and cervical spine pathology in patients with shoulder pain"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1256-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesham","family":"Hamoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hany","family":"Aly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser A.","family":"Elmotaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad M.","family":"Ghit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Mosalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarek M.","family":"Nasrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad M.","family":"El Zokm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelwahab N.","family":"Bayoumy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha S.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seham A.","family":"Elazab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal M.","family":"Elmesiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"Rageh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai A.","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elyasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif","family":"Refaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Elhilasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"El deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Elshaitany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Eltabiey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8013_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05973-8","volume":"23","author":"J Lucas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lucas J, van Doorn P, Hegedus E, et al. 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