{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T07:29:47Z","timestamp":1773991787291,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Valley University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Deficient shoulder function is a common and exhausting issue in children with obstetric brachial plexus injuries. Even with functioning elbow, wrist, and fingers, upper limb function is markedly disabled by limited shoulder abduction external rotation. Lower trapezius transfer carries many advantages; simple and safe technique, same line of pull as donor; reliable nerve supply (extraplexal from spinal accessory nerve), and not acting on rotation of the shoulder, mostly it will not adversely affect internal rotation range after the transfer. This study aims to evaluate the role of isolated lower trapezius transfer in reconstructing shoulder external rotation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This prospective case series study included 20 patients with sequelae of obstetric brachial plexus injury lacking shoulder external rotation who underwent lower trapezius transfer to infraspinatus. In all cases, the lower trapezius muscle was the donor, and the recipient tendon was the Infraspinatus muscle. Shoulder range of motion, Modified Gilbert grading, and Mallet Classification were used to evaluate results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mean age at the time of surgery was 4.5 years. The average increase in shoulder external rotation and abduction was 40\u2070 and 42.5\u2070 respectively, the modified Gilbert grading improved from a mean of 3.85 to 4.85 postoperative. Mallet classification improved from a mean of 3.5 preoperative to 4.8 postoperative. Improvement (Mallet classification of \u2265\u20094) was obtained in 18 cases (90%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Isolated lower trapezius transfer is considered an effective option with promising results in cases of sequelae of obstetric brachial plexus injury for restoration of shoulder external rotation as well as abduction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-08048-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T07:36:58Z","timestamp":1731915418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lower trapezius transfer to infraspinatus in cases of sequelae of obstetric brachial plexus injury"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Ezzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Safoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-005-1261-y","volume":"22","author":"DF O\u2019Brien","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien DF, Park TS, Noetzel MJ, Weatherly T. Management of birth brachial plexus palsy. Child\u2019s Nerv System: ChNS: Official J Int Soc Pediatr Neurosurg. 2006;22(2):103\u201312.","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv System: ChNS : Official J Int Soc Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8048_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00463.x","volume":"46","author":"W Pondaag","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pondaag W, Malessy MJ, van Dijk JG, Thomeer RT. Natural history of obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46(2):138\u201344.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8048_CR3","first-page":"53","volume":"6","author":"NA van Alphen","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Alphen NA, van Doorn-Loogman MH, Maas H, van der Sluijs JA, Ritt MJ. Restoring wrist extension in obstetric palsy of the brachial plexus by transferring wrist flexors to wrist extensors. 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The faculty of medicine, Cairo University\u2019s ethical committee approved all experimental protocols. Informed consent was obtained from each of the patients\u2019 legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and concent to participate"}},{"value":"Ethical committee contact details: Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt (telephone: +201003657120, kasralainirec@yahoo.com, ).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Patients\u2019 legal guardians signed informed consent to publish their data and photographs showing human faces.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Concent for publication"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"924"}}