{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:44:05Z","timestamp":1775025845545,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Anatomical repair of Bankart lesions and restoring the tension of the antero-inferior capsulo-labral complex is the optimum method of surgical treatment with a variety of fixation methods including suture anchors and trans-glenoid sutures. Grand knot technique is a modification of the trans-glenoid sutures technique that can be an alternative to double-loaded suture anchors with a lower cost. We aimed to compare the outcomes and complications of both techniques.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is a randomized controlled study that was conducted on 200 patients with recurrent anterior glenohumeral dislocation, of whom 170 patients completed at least a three-year follow-up period. Arthroscopic Bankart repair using two double-loaded knotted suture anchors was performed in 78 cases (Group A) while repair was done using two trans-glenoid grand knots in other 92 cases (Group B). Patients were evaluated in terms of range of motion, functional scores (Constant, Rowe, and ASES), and complication rate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The mean operative time was significantly longer in Group B (87.7\u2009\u00b1\u200924) minutes compared to Group A (61.2\u2009\u00b1\u200928.1) minutes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). No statistically significant difference was found between both groups regarding postoperative external rotation range of adducted arm, functional scores, and rate of recurrence. Only forward flexion and external rotation of abducted arm were significantly better in Group A (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005 and &lt;\u20090.001 respectively).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Trans-glenoid double-loaded grand knot technique is an alternative surgical option for the treatment of Bankart lesions with comparable results to double-loaded anchors regarding the functional outcomes and failure rates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration (Retrospectively registered)<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Registration number: NCT06394609 28-4-2024.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08477-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T03:44:34Z","timestamp":1742528674000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Arthroscopic Bankart repair using trans-glenoid double-loaded grand knots versus double-loaded suture anchors; is there a difference? a randomized controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Amr Samir","family":"Rashwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Al-Qassem","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9604-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherif Hamdy","family":"Zawam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa Mohy-Eldin","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5558-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"El-Desouky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"8477_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.180028","volume":"3","author":"G Di Giacomo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Giacomo G, Piscitelli L, Pugliese M. The role of bone in glenohumeral stability. EFORT Open Rev. 2018;3(12):632\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.3.180028. Published 2018 Dec 20.","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"8477_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hasebroock AW, Brinkman J, Foster L, Bowens JP. Management of primary anterior shoulder dislocations: a narrative review. Sports Med Open. 2019;5(1):31. Published 2019 Jul 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-019-0203-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0203-2"},{"key":"8477_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199303000-00020","volume":"288","author":"K Mizuno","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mizuno K, Nabeshima Y, Hirohata K. Analysis of Bankart lesion in the recurrent dislocation or subluxation of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;288:158\u201365.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8477_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9435-2","volume":"10","author":"S DeFroda","year":"2017","unstructured":"DeFroda S, Bokshan S, Stern E, Sullivan K, Owens BD. Arthroscopic Bankart repair for the management of anterior shoulder instability: indications and outcomes. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2017;10(4):442\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-017-9435-2.","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8477_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.09.027","volume":"28","author":"AE Vermeulen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vermeulen AE, Landman EBM, Veen EJD, Nienhuis S, Koorevaar CT. Long-term clinical outcome of arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2019;28(5):e137\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2018.09.027.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"8477_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.11.056","volume":"37","author":"BA Matache","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matache BA, Hurley ET, Kanakamedala AC, et al. Knotted versus knotless anchors for labral repair in the shoulder: A systematic review. Arthroscopy. 2021;37(4):1314\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.11.056.","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"12","key":"8477_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0748-6","volume":"17","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim SJ, Jung M, Moon HK, Chang WH, Kim SG, Chun YM. Is the transglenoid suture technique recommendable for recurrent shoulder dislocation? A minimum 5-year follow-up in 59 non-athletic shoulders. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17(12):1458\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-009-0748-6.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"8477_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.5606\/ehc.2021.75536","volume":"32","author":"B \u00d6zdemir","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir B, Akp\u0131nar S, \u00c7\u0131nar BM. A comparative study on use of two versus three double-loaded suture anchors in arthroscopic Bankart repair. Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2021;32(1):108\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/ehc.2021.75536.","journal-title":"Jt Dis Relat Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"8477_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v2.i11.676","volume":"2","author":"H Sofu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sofu H, G\u00fcrsu S, Ko\u00e7kara N, Oner A, Iss\u0131n A, Camurcu Y. Recurrent anterior shoulder instability: review of the literature and current concepts. World J Clin Cases. 2014;2(11):676\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v2.i11.676.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"4","key":"8477_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.08.044","volume":"39","author":"SE Slaven","year":"2023","unstructured":"Slaven SE, Donohue MA, Tardif RA, et al. Revision arthroscopic Bankart repair results in high failure rates and a low return to duty rate without recurrent instability. Arthroscopy. 2023;39(4):913\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.08.044.","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"10","key":"8477_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-012-1571-y","volume":"132","author":"KC Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim KC, Shin HD, Cha SM, Kim JH. Arthroscopic double-loaded single-row repair in chronic traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012;132(10):1515\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-012-1571-y.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"8477_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.03.015","volume":"4","author":"PN Chalmers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chalmers PN, Hillyard B, Kawakami J, et al. Double-loaded suture anchors in the treatment of anteroinferior glenohumeral instability. JSES Int. 2020;4(3):587\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.03.015. Published 2020 May 30.","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"8477_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pagnani MJ, Warren RF, Altchek DW, Wickiewicz TL, Anderson AF. Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization using transglenoid sutures. A four-year minimum followup. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(4):459\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659602400409.","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400409"},{"key":"8477_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ekelund A, Nyberg R. Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization using transglenoid sutures. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998;8(6):416\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00461.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00461.x"},{"key":"8477_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Oostveen DP, Schild FJ, van Haeff MJ, Saris DB. Suture anchors are superior to transglenoid sutures in arthroscopic shoulder stabilization. Arthroscopy. 2006;22(12):1290\u20131297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.07.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.07.006"},{"key":"8477_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zaffagnini S, Marcheggiani Muccioli GM, Giordano G, et al. Long-term outcomes after repair of recurrent post-traumatic anterior shoulder instability: comparison of arthroscopic transglenoid suture and open Bankart reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(5):816\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-011-1674-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1674-y"},{"key":"8477_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kandziora F, J\u00e4ger A, Bischof F, Herresthal J, Starker M, Mittlmeier T. Arthroscopic labrum refixation for post-traumatic anterior shoulder instability: suture anchor versus transglenoid fixation technique. Arthroscopy. 2000;16(4):359\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0749-8063(00)90079-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-8063(00)90079-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"8477_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.115988","volume":"10","author":"H Shishido","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shishido H, Kikuchi S. Injury of the suprascapular nerve in shoulder surgery: an anatomic study. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2001;10(4):372\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mse.2001.115988.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"8477_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-014-9248-5","volume":"8","author":"K Matsuki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsuki K, Sugaya H. Complications after arthroscopic labral repair for shoulder instability. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2015;8(1):53\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-014-9248-5.","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8477_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.11.003","volume":"28","author":"A Ando","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ando A, Sugaya H, Takahashi N, Kawai N, Hagiwara Y, Itoi E. Arthroscopic management of selective loss of external rotation after surgical stabilization of traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability: arthroscopic restoration of anterior transverse sliding procedure. Arthroscopy. 2012;28(6):749\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.11.003.","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08477-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08477-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08477-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T03:44:46Z","timestamp":1742528686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08477-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08477-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Research Ethics Committee (REC) approval was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt with the approval number N-472-2017.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients provided informed consent to participate in this study. This work was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration. All participating patients signed an informed consent regarding the procedure, possible complications, and alternative treatment modalities. No experiments on animals were conducted.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants provided informed consent for the publication of this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Our study adheres to CONSORT guidelines.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"CONSORT guidelines"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"280"}}