{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T18:43:21Z","timestamp":1788633801633,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08751-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T09:07:40Z","timestamp":1751620060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Grading system for Hill-Sachs lesion and its association with Bankart lesion: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rani","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"8751_CR1","unstructured":"Varacallo M, Musto MA, Mair SD. Anterior shoulder instability. In-Stat pearls. Stat Pearls Publishing; 2020."},{"key":"8751_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000116","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2016-000116","volume":"2","author":"R Shah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shah R, Chhaniyara P, Wallace WA, Hodgson L. Pitch-side management of acute shoulder dislocations: a conceptual review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2017;2:e000116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2016-000116.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"8751_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42754-1","volume":"9","author":"A Howard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howard A, Powell JL, Gibson J, Hawkes D, Kemp GJ, Frostick SP. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of patients with Polar type II\/III complex shoulder instability. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-42754-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8751_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-4924-4","volume":"26","author":"K Szyluk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Szyluk K, Jasi\u0144ski A, Niemiec P, Mielnik M, Widuchowski W, Koczy B. Male gender and age range 20\u201329 years are the most important non-modifiable risk factors for recurrence after primary post\u2010traumatic shoulder dislocation. Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26:2454\u201364.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"8751_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9437-0","volume":"10","author":"JA Fox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fox JA, Sanchez A, Zajac TJ, Provencher MT. Understanding the Hill-Sachs lesion in its role in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2017;10:469\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-017-9437-0.","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"8751_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1808-6","volume":"18","author":"M Gehring","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gehring M, Lambert S, Stoeckle U, Ziegler P. Posterior shoulder dislocation with associated reverse Hill-Sachs lesion: treatment options and functional outcome after a 5-year follow up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18:442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-017-1808-6.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"8751_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170815","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9433-4","volume":"91","author":"E Koh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koh E, Walton ER, Watson P. VIBE MRI: an alternative to CT in the imaging of sports-related osseous pathology? Br J Radiol. 2018;91:20170815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-017-9433-4.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"8751_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2016.10.017","volume":"14","author":"L Saba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saba L, De Filippo M. MR arthrography evaluation in patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability. J Orthop. 2017;14:73\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2016.10.017.","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"8751_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2000.17715","volume":"16","author":"SS Burkhart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Burkhart SS, De Beer JF. Traumatic glenohumeral bone defects and their relationship to failure of arthroscopic Bankart repairs: significance of the inverted-pear glenoid and the humeral engaging Hill-Sachs lesion. Arthroscopy. 2000;16:677\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jars.2000.17715.","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"8751_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677108989066","volume":"42","author":"AK Saha","year":"1971","unstructured":"Saha AK. Dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint. Acta Orthop Scand. 1971;42:491\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453677108989066.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"8751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130673","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130673","volume":"87","author":"K Horst","year":"2014","unstructured":"Horst K, Von Harten R, Weber C, Andruszkow H, Pfeifer R, Dienstknecht T, Pape HC. Assessment of coincidence and defect sizes in Bankart and Hill\u2013Sachs lesions after anterior shoulder dislocation: a radiological study. Br J Radiol. 2014;87:20130673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20130673.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"8751_CR12","unstructured":"Tupe RN, Tiwari V. Anteroinferior glenoid labrum lesion (Bankart lesion). In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK587359\/"},{"key":"8751_CR13","first-page":"175","volume":"73","author":"O Cetik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cetik O, Uslu M, Ozsar BK. The relationship between Hill-Sachs lesion and recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Acta Orthop Belg. 2007;73:175\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"8751_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2006.03760.x","volume":"76","author":"AB Widjaja","year":"2006","unstructured":"Widjaja AB, Tran A, Bailey M, Proper S. Correlation between Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions in anterior shoulder dislocation. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76:436\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2006.03760.x.","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"8751_CR15","first-page":"249","volume":"52","author":"P Grondin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grondin P, Leith J. Combined large Hill\u2013Sachs and bony Bankart lesions treated by latarjet and partial humeral head resurfacing: a report of 2 cases. Can J Surg. 2009;52:249.","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"8751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9433-4","volume":"10","author":"AJ Kompel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kompel AJ, Li X, Guermazi A, Murakami AM. Radiographic evaluation of patients with anterior shoulder instability. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2017;10:425\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-017-9433-4.","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"8751_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-021-06695-5","volume":"29","author":"M Sgroi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sgroi M, Huzurudin H, Ludwig M, Dornacher D, Reichel H, Kappe T. Except for the Hill\u2013Sachs interval, CT and MRI show no significant differences in the diagnostic value of the HSL measurement regardless of the measurement technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021;29:3981\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-021-06695-5.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"8751_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5152\/tftrd.2014.36744","volume":"60","author":"OB De\u011ferlendirmesi","year":"2014","unstructured":"De\u011ferlendirmesi OB. Radiological assessment of the shoulder region. Turk J Phys Med Rehab. 2014;60:68\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tftrd.2014.36744.","journal-title":"Turk J Phys Med Rehab"},{"key":"8751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(89)90138-2","volume":"5","author":"JJ Calandra","year":"1989","unstructured":"Calandra JJ, Baker CL, Uribe J. The incidence of Hill\u2013Sachs lesions in initial anterior shoulder dislocations. Arthroscopy. 1989;5:254\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0749-8063(89)90138-2.","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"8751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.12.033","volume":"22","author":"D Kurokawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kurokawa D, Yamamoto N, Nagamoto H, Omori Y, Tanaka M, Sano H, Itoi E. The prevalence of a large Hill-Sachs lesion that needs to be treated. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2013;22:1285\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2012.12.033.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"8751_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.33545\/26644436.2020.v3.i1c.75","volume":"3","author":"H Kaur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur H, Tiwari P, Sharma M, Jha V, Sharma S. The spectrum of MRI findings in the painful shoulder: A prospective study of 81 cases. Int J Radiol Imaging. 2020;3:202\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33545\/26644436.2020.v3.i1c.75.","journal-title":"Int J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"8751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505277074","volume":"33","author":"AL Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen AL, Hunt SA, Hawkins RJ, Zuckerman JD. Management of bone loss associated with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:912\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546505277074.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"8751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.03.005","volume":"32","author":"J Locher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Locher J, Wilken F, Beitzel K, Buchmann S, Longo UG, Denaro V, et al. Hill-Sachs off-track lesions as risk factor for recurrence of instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair. Arthroscopy: J Arthroscopic Relat Surg. 2016;32:1993\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.03.005.","journal-title":"Arthroscopy: J Arthroscopic Relat Surg"},{"key":"8751_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.02.026","volume":"68","author":"D Chang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chang D, Mohana-Borges A, Borso M, Chung CB. SLAP lesions: anatomy, clinical presentation, MR imaging diagnosis and characterization. Eu J Radiol. 2008;68:72\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.02.026.","journal-title":"Eu J Radiol"},{"key":"8751_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TC24","DOI":"10.7860\/cdr\/2017\/27714.9911","volume":"11","author":"G Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma G, Bhandary S, Khandige G, Kabra U. MR imaging of rotator cuff tears: correlation with arthroscopy. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11:TC24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/cdr\/2017\/27714.9911.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08751-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08751-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08751-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T09:07:42Z","timestamp":1751620062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08751-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08751-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research was done following the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) (Approval No: 4 1 9\u201322) at the Radiology Department of King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"623"}}