{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T02:27:56Z","timestamp":1786588076240,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":65,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-026-10035-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T01:38:27Z","timestamp":1780969107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exercise interventions for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Paulino","family":"Vico-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Aibar-Almaz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fidel","family":"Hita-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Auxiliadora","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Apolinario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"G\u00e1mez-Iruela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cano-Orihuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Castellote-Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10035_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7525.1124","volume":"331","author":"C Mitchell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mitchell C, Adebajo A, Hay E, Carr A. Shoulder Pain: Diagnosis and Management in Primary Care. BMJ. 2005;331:1124\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.331.7525.1124.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10035_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05973-8","volume":"23","author":"J Lucas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lucas J, van Doorn P, Hegedus E, Lewis J, van der Windt. D. A Systematic Review of the Global Prevalence and Incidence of Shoulder Pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23:1073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-022-05973-8.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10035_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.001","volume":"29","author":"CH Linaker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Linaker CH, Walker-Bone K. Shoulder Disorders and Occupation. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2015;29:405\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.001.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10035_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92045","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.92045","volume":"17","author":"MI Al Hammadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al Hammadi MI, Shah ZA, Rathod RK, Seddik MA. Shoulder Impingement Pain Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and a Review of Current Treatment Strategies. Cureus. 2025;17:e92045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.92045.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10035_CR5","first-page":"274","volume":"9","author":"D Factor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Factor D, Dale B. Current Concepts of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014;9:274\u201388.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10035_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07294-4","volume":"25","author":"S Tauqeer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tauqeer S, Arooj A, Shakeel H. Effects of Manual Therapy in Addition to Stretching and Strengthening Exercises to Improve Scapular Range of Motion, Functional Capacity and Pain in Patients with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25:192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-024-07294-4.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10035_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1879","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1879","volume":"22","author":"JK Powell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Powell JK, Lewis J, Schram B, Hing W. Is Exercise Therapy the Right Treatment for Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain? Uncertainties, Theory, and Practice. Musculoskelet Care. 2024;22:e1879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.1879.","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Care"},{"key":"10035_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134765","volume":"14","author":"C-S Lo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lo C-S, Chen K-C, Shih J-C, Cheng B, Chao W-C. Comparative Effectiveness of Combination Versus Single-Modality Physiotherapy for Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2025;14:4765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14134765.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10035_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-025-01254-8","volume":"17","author":"M Wen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wen M, Hu X, Bao G. Scapular Dyskinesis-Based Exercise Therapy versus Multimodal Physical Therapy for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome in Young Overhead Athletes with Scapular Dyskinesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025;17:204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01254-8.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10035_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Calderone A, Mazzurco Masi VM, De Luca R, Gangemi A, Bonanno M, Floridia D, Corallo F, Morone G, Quartarone A, Maggio MG, Calabr\u00f2 RS. The Impact of Biofeedback in Enhancing Chronic Pain Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Outcomes. Heliyon. 2025;11:e41917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e41917.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e41917"},{"key":"10035_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13050152","volume":"13","author":"J Cabrolier-Molina","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cabrolier-Molina J, Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez A, Clemente-Su\u00e1rez VJ. The Effects of Exercise Intervention in Older Adults With and Without Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review. Sports. 2025;13:152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports13050152.","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"10035_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2024.12453","volume":"54","author":"S Lafrance","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lafrance S, Charron M, Dub\u00e9 MO, Desmeules F, Roy JS, Juul-Kristensen B, Kennedy L, McCreesh K. The Efficacy of Exercise Therapy for Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain According to the FITT Principle: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2024;54:499\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2024.12453.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10035_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12121234","volume":"12","author":"M Aguilar Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aguilar Garc\u00eda M, Gonz\u00e1lez Mu\u00f1oz A, P\u00e9rez Montilla JJ, Aguilar Nu\u00f1ez D, Hamed Hamed D, Pruimboom L, Navarro Ledesma S. Which Multimodal Physiotherapy Treatment Is the Most Effective in People with Shoulder Pain? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Healthcare. 2024;12:1234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare12121234.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10035_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD005470","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005470.pub3","volume":"4","author":"R Baker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baker R, Camosso-Stefinovic J, Gillies C, Shaw EJ, Cheater F, Flottorp S, Robertson N, Wensing M, Fiander M, Eccles MP, Godycki-Cwirko M, van Lieshout J, J\u00e4ger C. Tailored Interventions to Address Determinants of Practice. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4:CD005470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005470.pub3.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10035_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e054288","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054288","volume":"12","author":"C Tersa-Miralles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tersa-Miralles C, Bravo C, Bellon F, Pastells-Peir\u00f3 R, Rubinat Arnaldo E, Rub\u00ed-Carnacea F. Effectiveness of Workplace Exercise Interventions in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Office Workers: A Systematic Review. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e054288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054288.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10035_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10035_CR17","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024. Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"10035_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.08.012","volume":"22","author":"Z Yue","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yue Z, Zhang X, Li Y, Li J. Electrical stimulation for pain relief in knee osteoarthritis: Bayesian network meta-analysis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2014;22:1890\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2014.08.012.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10035_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.02.003","volume":"21","author":"E At\u0131lgan","year":"2017","unstructured":"At\u0131lgan E, Aytar A, \u00c7a\u011flar A, T\u0131\u011fl\u0131 AA, Ar\u0131n G, Yapal\u0131 G, K\u0131sac\u0131k P, Berbero\u011flu U, \u015eener H\u00d6, \u00dcnal E. The effects of Clinical Pilates exercises on patients with shoulder pain: A randomised clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017;21(4):847\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.02.003.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"10035_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2019.8240","volume":"49","author":"N Boudreau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boudreau N, Gaudreault N, Roy JS, B\u00e9dard S, Balg F. The addition of glenohumeral adductor coactivation to a rotator cuff exercise program for rotator cuff tendinopathy: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019;49:126\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2019.8240.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10035_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5939","volume":"45","author":"PR Camargo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Camargo PR, Alburquerque-Send\u00edn F, Avila MA, et al. Effects of stretching and strengthening exercises, with and without manual therapy, on scapular kinematics, function, and pain in individuals with shoulder impingement: A randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015;45:984\u201397.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10035_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4223-x","volume":"25","author":"B Dejaco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dejaco B, Habets B, Van Loon C, Van Grinsven S, Van Cingel R. Eccentric versus conventional exercise therapy in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: A randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25:2051\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-016-4223-x.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10035_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jrm00190","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2806","volume":"53","author":"A Eliason","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eliason A, Harringe M, Engstr\u00f6m B, Werner S. Guided exercises with or without joint mobilization or no treatment in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: A clinical trial. J Rehabil Med. 2021;53:jrm00190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-2806.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10035_CR24","first-page":"900","volume":"54","author":"B Gialanella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gialanella B, Comini L, Gaiani M, Olivares A, Scalvini S. Conservative treatment of rotator cuff tear in older patients: A role for the cycloergometer? A randomized study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018;54:900\u201310.","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10035_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2015.05.014","volume":"61","author":"F Granviken","year":"2015","unstructured":"Granviken F, Vasseljen O. Home exercises and supervised exercises are similarly effective for people with subacromial impingement: A randomised trial. J Physiother. 2015;61(3):135\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphys.2015.05.014.","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"10035_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001646","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2023-001646","volume":"9","author":"H Guti\u00e9rrez Espinoza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez Espinoza H, Araya-Quintanilla F, Pinto-Concha S, Valenzuela-Fuenzalida J, L\u00f3pez-Gil JF, Ram\u00edrez-Velez R. Specific versus general exercise programme in adults with subacromial impingement syndrome: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2023;9:e001646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2023-001646.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"10035_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2019.102052","volume":"44","author":"H Guti\u00e9rrez-Espinoza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Espinoza H, Araya-Quintanilla F, Guti\u00e9rrez-Monclus R, R\u00edos-Riquelme M, \u00c1lvarez-Bueno C, Mart\u00ednez-Vizcaino V, et al. Does pectoralis minor stretching provide additional benefit over an exercise program in participants with subacromial pain syndrome? A randomized controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019;44:102052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msksp.2019.102052.","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"key":"10035_CR28","first-page":"381","volume":"68","author":"R Haider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haider R, Bashir MS, Adeel M, Ijaz MJ, Ayub A. Comparison of conservative exercise therapy with and without Maitland thoracic manipulative therapy in patients with subacromial pain: Clinical trial. JPMA. 2018;68:381\u20137.","journal-title":"JPMA"},{"key":"10035_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.05.040","volume":"24","author":"FOL Heerspink","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heerspink FOL, van Raay JJ, Koorevaar RC, et al. Comparing surgical repair with conservative treatment for degenerative rotator cuff tears: A randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2015;24:1274\u201381.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"10035_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2021.10.015","volume":"30","author":"S \u0130\u011frek","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u0130\u011frek S, \u00c7olak TK. Comparison of the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises and shoulder mobilization in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2022;30:42\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbmt.2021.10.015.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10035_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.05.032","volume":"100","author":"KG Ingwersen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ingwersen KG, Vobbe JW, Pedersen LL, S\u00f8rensen L, Wedderkopp N. Effect of Psychomotricity in Combination With 3 Months of Active Shoulder Exercises in Individuals With Chronic Shoulder Pain: Primary Results From an Investigator-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019;100(11):2136\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.05.032.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10035_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2019.07.009","volume":"48","author":"B Juul-Kristensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Juul-Kristensen B, Larsen CM, Eshoj H, Clemmensen T, Hansen A, Bo Jensen P, Boyle E, S\u00f8gaard K. Positive effects of neuromuscular shoulder exercises with or without EMG-biofeedback, on pain and function in participants with subacromial pain syndrome - A randomised controlled trial. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2019;48:161\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jelekin.2019.07.009.","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"10035_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liaghat B, Juul-Kristensen B, Christensen FH, Nissen SE, Skou ST, S\u00f8gaard K, S\u00f8ndergaard J, Thorlund JB. Pain trajectories and exercise-induced pain during 16 weeks of high-load or low-load shoulder exercise in patients with hypermobile shoulders: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Pain. 2025;25(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0072.","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0072"},{"issue":"7","key":"10035_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215515593784","volume":"30","author":"C Littlewood","year":"2016","unstructured":"Littlewood C, Bateman M, Brown K, Bury J, Mawson S, May S, Walters SJ. A self-managed single exercise programme versus usual physiotherapy treatment for rotator cuff tendinopathy: A randomised controlled trial (the SELF study). Clin Rehabil. 2016;30(7):686\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269215515593784.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10035_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.07.031","volume":"14","author":"SI Mac\u00edas-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mac\u00edas-Hern\u00e1ndez SI, Garc\u00eda-Morales JR, Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz C, Tapia-Ferrusco I, Velez-Guti\u00e9rrez OB, Nava-Bringas TI. Tolerance and effectiveness of eccentric vs. concentric muscle strengthening in rotator cuff partial tears and moderate to severe shoulder pain: A randomized pilot study. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021;14:106\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.07.031.","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10035_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2016.6319","volume":"46","author":"PE Mintken","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mintken PE, McDevitt AW, Cleland JA, et al. Cervicothoracic manual therapy plus exercise therapy versus exercise therapy alone in the management of individuals with shoulder pain: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2016;46:617\u201328.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10035_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2024.103218","volume":"75","author":"J Naunton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Naunton J, Kidgell D, Bennell K, Haines T, Malliaras P. The efficacy of high load-volume exercise versus low load-volume exercise for rotator cuff tendinopathy: A pilot and feasibility trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2025;75:103218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msksp.2024.103218.","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"key":"10035_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119900532","volume":"12","author":"\u00d6 Tahran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tahran \u00d6, Ye\u015filyaprak SS. Effects of modified posterior shoulder stretching exercises on shoulder mobility, pain, and dysfunction in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Sports Health. 2020;12:139\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738119900532.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10035_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001723","volume":"479","author":"DG Weekes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weekes DG, Campbell RE, Wicks ED, Hadley CJ, Chaudhry ZS, Carter AH, Pepe MD, Tucker BS, Freedman KB, Tjoumakaris FP. Do relaxation exercises decrease pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? A randomized controlled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021;479(5):870\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001723.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10035_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3233\/PPR-190129","volume":"40","author":"C Littlewood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Littlewood C, Bateman M, Connor C, Gibson J, Horsley I, Jaggi A, Jones V, Meakins A, Scott M. Physiotherapists\u2019 recommendations for examination and treatment of rotator cuff related shoulder pain: A consensus exercise. Physiotherapy Pract Res. 2019;40(2):87\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/PPR-190129.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Pract Res"},{"key":"10035_CR41","unstructured":"Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Rotator Cuff Syndrome in the Workplace. The University of New South Wales, Medicine, Rural Clinical School, Port Macquarie Campus. 2013."},{"key":"10035_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458515583895","volume":"6","author":"MB Geary","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geary MB, Elfar JC. Rotator Cuff Tears in the Elderly Patients. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2015;6:220\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2151458515583895.","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"10035_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012224","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858","volume":"10","author":"MJ Page","year":"2016","unstructured":"Page MJ, Green S, McBain B, Surace SJ, Deitch J, Lyttle N, Mrocki MA, Buchbinder R. Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;10:CD012224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10035_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2011.08.002","volume":"98","author":"C Littlewood","year":"2012","unstructured":"Littlewood C, Ashton J, Chance-Larsen K, May S, Sturrock B. Exercise for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2012;98:101\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physio.2011.08.002.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10035_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096515","volume":"51","author":"R Steuri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steuri R, Sattelmayer M, Elsig S, Kolly C, Tal A, Taeymans J, Hilfiker R. Effectiveness of conservative interventions including exercise, manual therapy and medical management in adults with shoulder impingement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51:1340\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096515.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10035_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.04.006","volume":"19","author":"A Yamamoto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamamoto A, Takagishi K, Osawa T, Yanagawa T, Nakajima D, Shitara H, Kobayashi T. Prevalence and risk factors of a rotator cuff tear in the general population. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19(1):116\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2009.04.006.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10035_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094754","volume":"50","author":"BJ Dean","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dean BJ, Gettings P, Dakin SG, Carr AJ. Are inflammatory cells increased in painful human tendinopathy? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(4):216\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094754.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10035_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091957","volume":"48","author":"JD Rees","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rees JD, Stride M, Scott A. Tendons\u2013time to revisit inflammation. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(21):1553\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091957.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10035_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruy\u00e8re O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM, Sieber CC, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Visser M, Zamboni M. Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afy169.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10035_CR50","first-page":"279","volume":"11","author":"P Edwards","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edwards P, Ebert J, Joss B, Bhabra G, Ackland T, Wang A. Exercise rehabilitation in the non-operative management of rotator cuff tears: a review of the literature. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11:279\u2013301.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10035_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.11.012","volume":"25","author":"D Mueller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mueller D, Redkva PE, de Fernando E, Barbosa SC, Krause MP, Gregorio, da Silva. Effect of mat vs. apparatus pilates training on the functional capacity of elderly women. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021;25:80\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.11.012.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"10035_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04858-6","volume":"22","author":"SS Hlaing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hlaing SS, Puntumetakul R, Khine EE, Boucaut R. Effects of core stabilization exercise and strengthening exercise on proprioception, balance, muscle thickness and pain related outcomes in patients with subacute nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22:998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04858-6.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10035_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623908","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1623908","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Chen P, Guo W, Wang Y, Xue Y, Chen P, Liu J. Effects of different neuromuscular training modalities on balance performance in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Physiol. 2025;16:1623908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2025.1623908.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10035_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230008","DOI":"10.20900\/agmr20230008","volume":"5","author":"DL Davis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis DL. Shoulder Dysfunction and Mobility Limitation in Aging. Adv Geriatr Med Res. 2023;5:e230008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20900\/agmr20230008.","journal-title":"Adv Geriatr Med Res"},{"key":"10035_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0328728","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0328728","volume":"20","author":"J Chepeha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chepeha J, Silveira A, Sheps D, Luciak-Corea C, Styles-Tripp F, Beaupre L. A standardized criteria-based progressive shoulder exercise program is effective in managing rotator cuff-related shoulder pain: A prospective cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2025;20:e0328728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0328728.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10035_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51785","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51785","volume":"16","author":"P Ankar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ankar P, Harjpal P. Comparative Analysis of Various Rotator Cuff Stretching Techniques: Efficacy and Recommendations for Gym Enthusiasts. Cureus. 2024;16:e51785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.51785.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10035_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001711010957","volume":"11","author":"A Jaggi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaggi A, Alexander S. Rehabilitation for Shoulder Instability - Current Approaches. Open Orthop J. 2017;11:957\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874325001711010957.","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"10035_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74988","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.74988","volume":"16","author":"TA Altamimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Altamimi TA, Alkathami AA, Al-Awn RMM, Alkhaldi MHE, Alhudaithi MHM, Alqahtani AA, Alzahrani AAS, Aladwani SSM, Abdulrahman AF, Almutawah. A.N.A. A Narrative Review of Rotator Cuff Tear Management: Surgery Versus Conservative Treatment. Cureus. 2024;16:e74988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.74988.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10035_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/17585732231172166","volume":"15","author":"O Vila-Dieguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vila-Dieguez O, Heindel MD, Awokuse D, Kulig K, Michener LA. Exercise for rotator cuff tendinopathy: Proposed mechanisms of recovery. Shoulder Elb. 2023;15:233\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17585732231172166.","journal-title":"Shoulder Elb"},{"issue":"3","key":"10035_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181915670","volume":"41","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"2009","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):687\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181915670.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10035-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10035-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10035-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T01:55:32Z","timestamp":1786586132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10035-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10035-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"692"}}