{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T01:56:41Z","timestamp":1788400601942,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in musicians commonly develop around the neck-and-shoulder region and the low back. This study investigated the onset of neck-and-shoulder and low-back pain among wind instrument players in a high school brass band and examined how instrument weight and playing posture relate to the occurrence, severity, and duration of such pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This exploratory cross-sectional study included 120 high school wind instrument players who completed a questionnaire survey regarding their experience with playing-related pain in the neck-and-shoulder region and low back, and pain severity and duration while playing the instrument. The chi-square test was used to determine the possible relationships between the study parameters and playing posture and instrument weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 82 students (68.3%) experienced pain in the neck-and-shoulder region, whereas 53 (44.2%) experienced low-back pain. A significantly higher proportion of students who played light instruments reported low-back pain compared with those who played heavy instruments (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), possibly reflecting sustained unsupported playing postures required for many light instruments. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of participants with an asymmetrical playing posture reported moderate-to-severe low-back pain (NRS\u2009\u2265\u20094) lasting\u2009\u2265\u20093 months than those with a symmetrical playing posture (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Although asymmetrical posture was observed across all instrument groups, these findings suggest that posture-related factors may contribute to the persistence of low-back pain. Instrument weight and playing posture were not significantly associated with pain severity or duration in the neck-and-shoulder region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This exploratory cross-sectional study found that instrument weight and playing posture were not significantly associated with neck-and-shoulder region pain. However, more students who played light instruments had low-back pain compared to those who played heavy instruments. Moreover, an asymmetrical playing posture was associated with greater severity and longer duration of low-back pain. These results suggest that asymmetrical playing posture may be associated with greater biomechanical demands on the low back during performance, even among light-instrument players, and highlight important implications for the prevention of PRMDs and education for high school wind instrument players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-026-10061-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T03:00:21Z","timestamp":1780628421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Playing posture, instrument characteristics, and musculoskeletal pain among adolescent wind instrument players: an exploratory cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Mitani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Notani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10061_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"M Fishbein","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fishbein M, Middlestadt SE, Ottati V, Straus S, Ellis A. 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