{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:05:45Z","timestamp":1793235945438,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":83,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma","award":["2020Y2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y2014"]}]},{"name":"the Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma","award":["2020Y2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y2014"]}]},{"name":"the Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma","award":["2020Y2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y2014"]}]},{"name":"the Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma","award":["2020Y2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y2014"]}]},{"name":"the Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma","award":["2020Y2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y2014"]}]},{"name":"the Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for First Aid and Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Trauma","award":["2020Y2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-026-10136-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:37:12Z","timestamp":1783006632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Total knee arthroplasty for valgus deformity correction using \u201cinverted cruciform release\u201d: technique and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanglai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fugui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongbin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1Pt 2","key":"10136_CR1","first-page":"271","volume":"87","author":"AS Ranawat","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ranawat AS, Ranawat CS, Elkus M, Rasquinha VJ, Rossi R, Babhulkar S. Total knee arthroplasty for severe valgus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(Suppl 1Pt 2):271\u201384.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10136_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-021-00695-x","volume":"106","author":"D Alesi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alesi D, Meena A, Fratini S, Rinaldi VG, Cammisa E, Lullini G, Vaccari V, Zaffagnini S. Marcheggiani Muccioli GM: Total knee arthroplasty in valgus knee deformity: is it still a challenge in 2021? Musculoskelet Surg. 2022;106(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"key":"10136_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199910000-00016","volume":"367","author":"LA Whiteside","year":"1999","unstructured":"Whiteside LA. Selective ligament release in total knee arthroplasty of the knee in valgus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999;367:130\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10136_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4054-9","volume":"24","author":"F Boettner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boettner F, Renner L, Arana Narbarte D, Egidy C, Faschingbauer M. Total knee arthroplasty for valgus osteoarthritis: the results of a standardized soft-tissue release technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(8):2525\u201331.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10136_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krackow KA, Jones MM, Teeny SM, Hungerford DS. Primary total knee arthroplasty in patients with fixed valgus deformity. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1991(273):9\u201318.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199112000-00004"},{"issue":"6","key":"10136_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.01.024","volume":"32","author":"K Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie K, Lyons ST. Soft Tissue Releases in Total Knee Arthroplasty for Valgus Deformities. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(6):1814\u20138.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"8","key":"10136_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2005.03.036","volume":"20","author":"HD Clarke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clarke HD, Fuchs R, Scuderi GR, Scott WN, Insall JN. Clinical results in valgus total knee arthroplasty with the pie crust technique of lateral soft tissue releases. J Arthroplasty. 2005;20(8):1010\u20134.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10136_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyasaka KC, Ranawat CS, Mullaji A. 10- to 20-year followup of total knee arthroplasty for valgus deformities. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997(345):29\u201337.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199712000-00006"},{"issue":"6","key":"10136_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B6.7983123","volume":"76","author":"T Karachalios","year":"1994","unstructured":"Karachalios T, Sarangi PP, Newman JH. Severe varus and valgus deformities treated by total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76(6):938\u201342.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"10136_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2003.12.083","volume":"19","author":"J Politi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Politi J, Scott R. Balancing severe valgus deformity in total knee arthroplasty using a lateral cruciform retinacular release. J Arthroplasty. 2004;19(5):553\u20137.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"1","key":"10136_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.09.011","volume":"19","author":"L Sheehy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sheehy L, Felson D, Zhang Y, Niu J, Lam YM, Segal N, Lynch J, Cooke TD. Does measurement of the anatomic axis consistently predict hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) for knee alignment studies in osteoarthritis? Analysis of long limb radiographs from the multicenter osteoarthritis (MOST) study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011;19(1):58\u201364.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10136_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200112000-00013","volume":"95","author":"CA Bodian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bodian CA, Freedman G, Hossain S, Eisenkraft JB, Beilin Y. The visual analog scale for pain: clinical significance in postoperative patients. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(6):1356\u201361.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10136_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1836-9553(10)70005-9","volume":"56","author":"E van Trijffel","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Trijffel E, van de Pol RJ, Oostendorp RA, Lucas C. Inter-rater reliability for measurement of passive physiological movements in lower extremity joints is generally low: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2010;56(4):223\u201335.","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"10136_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bach CM, Nogler M, Steingruber IE, Ogon M, Wimmer C, Gobel G, Krismer M. Scoring systems in total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002(399):184\u201396.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200206000-00022"},{"issue":"10","key":"10136_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200110000-00020","volume":"83\u2013A","author":"WJ Maloney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maloney WJ. National Joint Replacement Registries: has the time come? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83\u2013A(10):1582\u20135.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10136_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B8.0841131","volume":"84","author":"J Brilhault","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brilhault J, Lautman S, Favard L, Burdin P. Lateral femoral sliding osteotomy lateral release in total knee arthroplasty for a fixed valgus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(8):1131\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"10136_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2227-4","volume":"38","author":"R Rossi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossi R, Rosso F, Cottino U, Dettoni F, Bonasia DE, Bruzzone M. Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee. Int Orthop. 2014;38(2):273\u201383.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10136_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Easley ME, Insall JN, Scuderi GR, Bullek DD. Primary constrained condylar knee arthroplasty for the arthritic valgus knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000(380):58\u201364.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200011000-00008"},{"key":"10136_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000092987.12414.fc","volume":"416","author":"GA Engh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Engh GA. The difficult knee: severe varus and valgus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;416:58\u201363.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10136_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2013.07.002","volume":"21","author":"BR King","year":"2014","unstructured":"King BR, Gladnick BP, Lee YY, Lyman S, Della Valle AG. Range of motion and function are not affected by increased post constraint in patients undergoing posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2014;21(1):194\u20138.","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"7","key":"10136_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3452-z","volume":"41","author":"J Czekaj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Czekaj J, Fary C, Gaillard T, Lustig S. Does low-constraint mobile bearing knee prosthesis give satisfactory results for severe coronal deformities? A five to twelve year follow up study. Int Orthop. 2017;41(7):1369\u201377.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"17","key":"10136_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.01173","volume":"98","author":"JR Martin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martin JR, Beahrs TR, Stuhlman CR, Trousdale RT. Complex Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Long-Term Outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(17):1459\u201370.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"10136_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2005.03.008","volume":"20","author":"JJ Callaghan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Callaghan JJ, O\u2019Rourke MR, Liu SS. The role of implant constraint in revision total knee arthroplasty: not too little, not too much. J Arthroplasty. 2005;20(4 Suppl 2):41\u20133.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"10","key":"10136_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2390-6","volume":"21","author":"HN Pang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pang HN, Yeo SJ, Chong HC, Chin PL, Chia SL, Lo NN. Joint line changes and outcomes in constrained versus unconstrained total knee arthroplasty for the type II valgus knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(10):2363\u20139.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10136_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5292-9","volume":"27","author":"P Mou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mou P, Zeng Y, Pei F, Zhou Z, Shen B, Kang P, Yang J. Medial femoral epicondyle upsliding osteotomy with posterior stabilized arthroplasty provided good clinical outcomes such as constrained arthroplasty in primary total knee arthroplasty with severe valgus deformity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(7):2266\u201375.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10136_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1677821","volume":"33","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H, Ponzio DY, Ong A, Wei W, Wang B, Li Z, Zhou D. Total Knee Arthroplasty for Fixed Valgus Deformity Correction Using a Modified Lateral Parapatellar Approach. J Knee Surg. 2020;33(4):372\u20137.","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"13","key":"10136_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1723981","volume":"35","author":"CA Kahlenberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kahlenberg CA, Chalmers B, Sun HJ, Mayman DJ, Westrich GH, Haas SB, Sculco PK. Polyethylene Components in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Overview of Fixed Bearing Design Options. J Knee Surg. 2022;35(13):1401\u20138.","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10136_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.46.BJO-2023-0023.R1","volume":"4","author":"CA Kahlenberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kahlenberg CA, Berube EE, Xiang W, Manzi JE, Jahandar H, Chalmers BP, Cross MB, Mayman DJ, Wright TM, Westrich GH, et al. Posterior-stabilized versus mid-level constraint polyethylene components in total knee arthroplasty. Bone Jt Open. 2023;4(6):432\u201341.","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10136_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1743230","volume":"36","author":"N Yohe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yohe N, Vanderbrook DJ, Sherman AE, Papas PV, Scuderi GR. Stability with a Constrained Posterior Stabilized Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Does Not Compromise Durability. J Knee Surg. 2023;36(8):801\u20135.","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10136_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.12.018","volume":"39","author":"CA Kahlenberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kahlenberg CA, Kheir MM, Selkridge IK, Quevedo Gonzalez FJ, Chiu YF, Wright TM, Chalmers BP, Sculco PK. Clinical and Biomechanical Evaluation of Mid-Level Constrained and Posterior-Stabilized Polyethylene Inserts in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of 12,674 Cases. J Arthroplasty. 2024;39(6):1518\u201323.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10136_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2020.03.022","volume":"21","author":"JA Dubin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dubin JA, Westrich GH. Mid-level constraint may correct coronal plane imbalance without compromising patient function in patients with severe osteoarthritis. J Orthop. 2020;21:84\u20137.","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"10136_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-022-04527-w","volume":"143","author":"F Rosso","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosso F, Rossi R, Benazzo F, Ghiara M, Bonasia DE, Rossi SMP. Primary TKA in patients with major deformities and ligament laxities: promising results of an intermediate constrained implant at mid-term follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(5):2675\u201381.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10136_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07189-8","volume":"31","author":"A Rajamaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rajamaki A, Niemelainen M, Junnila M, Lehtovirta L, Karsikas M, Ponkilainen V, Eskelinen A. Thicker polyethylene inserts (>\/= 13\u00a0mm) increase the risk for early failure after primary cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA): a single-centre study of 7643 TKAs. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(3):1018\u201325.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10136-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10136-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10136-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:04:05Z","timestamp":1790172245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10136-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-026-10136-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and provisions of the Helsinki declaration. The study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Fuzhou Second General Hospital (2025129). The requirement for informed consent was formally waived by the above ethics committee for only retrospectively analyzed de-identified archived clinical data without any intervention to patients.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"790"}}