{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:31:25Z","timestamp":1790357485955,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Electrosurgical vessel sealers are gradually replacing conventional techniques such as ligation and clipping. Algorithms that control electrosurgical units (ESU), known as modes, are important for applications in different surgical disciplines. This chronic porcine animal study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the novel thermoSEAL electrosurgical vessel sealing mode (TSM). The BiClamp\u00ae mode (BCM) of the renowned VIO\u00ae 300 D ESU served as control. BCM has been widely available since 2002 and has since been successfully used in many surgical disciplines. The TSM, for the novel VIO\u00ae 3 ESU, was developed to reduce sealing time and\/or thermal lateral spread adjacent to the seal while maintaining clinical success rates. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the long-term and intraoperative seal quality of TSM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The BiCision\u00ae device was used for vessel sealing with TSM and BCM in ten German Landrace pigs which underwent splenectomy and unilateral nephrectomy during the first intervention of the study. The seals were cut with the BiCision\u00ae knife. Ninety-nine arteries, veins and vascular bundles were chronically sealed for 5 or 21\u2009days. Thereafter, during the second and terminal intervention of the study, 97 additional arteries and veins were sealed. The carotid arteries were used for histological evaluation of thermal spread.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After each survival period, no long-term complications occurred with either mode. The intraoperative seal failure rates, i.e. vessel leaking or residual blood flow after the first sealing activation, were 2% with TSM versus 6% with BCM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.28). The sealing time was significantly shorter with TSM (3.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.69\u2009s vs. 7.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009s, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The thermal spread and burst pressure of arteries sealed with both modes were similar (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.18 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.61) and corresponded to the histological evaluation. The measured tissue sticking parameter was rare with both modes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.33). Tissue charring did not occur. Regarding the cut quality, 97% of the seals were severed in the first and 3% in the second attempt (both with TSM and BCM).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The novel TSM seals blood vessels twice as fast as the BCM while maintaining excellent tissue effect and clinical success rates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-019-0625-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T17:03:46Z","timestamp":1572973426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Safety and effectiveness of a novel generator algorithm for bipolar vessel sealing: a randomised controlled chronic animal study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Kraemer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Tsaousidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Kruck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Scharpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kommoss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Brucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Nuessle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus D.","family":"Enderle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9788-1761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Biber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"625_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-8833-7","volume":"17","author":"KL Harold","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harold KL, Pollinger H, Matthews BD, Kercher KW, Sing RF, Heniford BT. Comparison of ultrasonic energy, bipolar thermal energy, and vascular clips for the hemostasis of small-, medium-, and large-sized arteries. Surg Endosc. 2003;17:1228\u201330. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-002-8833-7\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900733","volume":"12","author":"JS Kennedy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kennedy JS, Stranahan PL, Taylor KD, Chandler JG. High-burst-strength, feedback-controlled bipolar vessel sealing. Surg Endosc. 1998;12:876\u20138.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"625_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2014.00182","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2014.00182","volume":"18","author":"Shahida Bibi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bibi S, Alblawi S, Velchuru V, Thripuraneni G, Quinteros F, Coralic J, et al. Sealing of vessels larger than 7 millimeters using Enseal in porcine aorta. JSLS. 2014. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4293\/JSLS.2014.00182\n\n.","journal-title":"JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons"},{"key":"625_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.204","volume":"88","author":"C Wallwiener","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wallwiener C, Wallwiener M, Neunhoeffer E, Menger M, Isaacson K, Zubke W. Intelligent, impedance-regulated, pulsed coagulation in a porcine renal artery model. Fertil Steril. 2007;88:206\u201311. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.204\n\n.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"625_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9671-0","volume":"32","author":"E Oussoultzoglou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oussoultzoglou E, Panaro F, Rosso E, Zeca I, Bachellier P, Pessaux P, Jaeck D. Use of BiClamp decreased the severity of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy compared with LigaSure: a prospective study. World J Surg. 2008;32:1968\u201373. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-008-9671-0\n\n.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"625_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2008.05.003","volume":"15","author":"CW Wallwiener","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wallwiener CW, Rajab TK, Zubke W, Isaacson KB, Enderle M, Sch\u00e4ller D, Wallwiener M. Thermal conduction, compression, and electrical current--an evaluation of major parameters of electrosurgical vessel sealing in a porcine in vitro model. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2008;15:605\u201310. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmig.2008.05.003\n\n.","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"625_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5832-2","volume":"32","author":"K Thiel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thiel K, Linzenbold W, Enderle MD, Nold B, K\u00f6nigsrainer A, Schenk M, Thiel C. Evaluation of a novel electrosurgical sealing mode in an ex vivo and in vivo porcine model. Surg Endosc. 2018;32:1456\u201363. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-017-5832-2\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900627","volume":"12","author":"H Spivak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spivak H, Richardson WS, Hunter JG. The use of bipolar cautery, laparosonic coagulating shears, and vascular clips for hemostasis of small and medium-sized vessels. Surg Endosc. 1998;12:183\u20135.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000045160.87700.32","volume":"169","author":"J Landman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Landman J, Kerbl K, Rehman J, Andreoni C, Humphrey PA, Collyer W, et al. Evaluation of a vessel sealing system, bipolar electrosurgery, harmonic scalpel, titanium clips, endoscopic gastrointestinal anastomosis vascular staples and sutures for arterial and venous ligation in a porcine model. J.Urol. 2003;169:697\u2013700. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000045160.87700.32\n\n.","journal-title":"J.Urol."},{"key":"625_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-8781-2","volume":"17","author":"PA Campbell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Campbell PA, Cresswell AB, Frank TG, Cuschieri A. Real-time thermography during energized vessel sealing and dissection. Surg Endosc. 2003;17:1640\u20135. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-002-8781-2\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0380-6","volume":"20","author":"S Richter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Richter S, Kollmar O, Schilling MK, Pistorius GA, Menger MD. Efficacy and quality of vessel sealing: comparison of a reusable with a disposable device and effects of clamp surface geometry and structure. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:890\u20134. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-005-0380-6\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.07.121","volume":"178","author":"GW Hruby","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hruby GW, Marruffo FC, Durak E, Collins SM, Pierorazio P, Humphrey PA, et al. Evaluation of surgical energy devices for vessel sealing and peripheral energy spread in a porcine model. J Urol. 2007;178:2689\u201393. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2007.07.121\n\n.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"625_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-007-9619-8","volume":"22","author":"B Person","year":"2008","unstructured":"Person B, Vivas DA, Ruiz D, Talcott M, Coad JE, Wexner SD. Comparison of four energy-based vascular sealing and cutting instruments: a porcine model. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:534\u20138. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-007-9619-8\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2005.19.107","volume":"19","author":"PK Pietrow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pietrow PK, Weizer AZ, L'Esperance JO, Auge BK, Silverstein A, Cummings T, et al. PlasmaKinetic bipolar vessel sealing: burst pressures and thermal spread in an animal model. J Endourol. 2005;19:107\u201310. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/end.2005.19.107\n\n.","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"625_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/089277903321618761","volume":"17","author":"RW Santa-Cruz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Santa-Cruz RW, Auge BK, Lallas CD, Preminger GM, Polascik TJ. Use of bipolar laparoscopic forceps to occlude and transect the retroperitoneal vasculature: a porcine model. J Endourol. 2003;17:181\u20135. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/089277903321618761\n\n.","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"625_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.11.035","volume":"71","author":"CK Phillips","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phillips CK, Hruby GW, Durak E, Lehman DS, Humphrey PA, Mansukhani MM, Landman J. Tissue response to surgical energy devices. Urology. 2008;71:744\u20138. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2007.11.035\n\n.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"625_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-1606-4","volume":"25","author":"D Sindram","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sindram D, Martin K, Meadows JP, Prabhu AS, Heath JJ, McKillop IH, Iannitti DA. Collagen-elastin ratio predicts burst pressure of arterial seals created using a bipolar vessel sealing device in a porcine model. Surg Endosc. 2011;25:2604\u201312. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-011-1606-4\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1556\/AVet.2012.003","volume":"60","author":"MP Dunay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dunay MP, Jakab C, N\u00e9meth T. Evaluation of EnSeal\u00ae, an adaptive bipolar electrosurgical tissue-sealing device. Acta Vet Hung. 2012;60:27\u201340. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/AVet.2012.003\n\n.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"key":"625_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2229-0","volume":"26","author":"D Seehofer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seehofer D, Mogl M, Boas-Knoop S, Unger J, Schirmeier A, Chopra S, Eurich D. Safety and efficacy of new integrated bipolar and ultrasonic scissors compared to conventional laparoscopic 5-mm sealing and cutting instruments. Surg Endosc. 2012;26:2541\u20139. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-012-2229-0\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2011.0420","volume":"22","author":"J Milsom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Milsom J, Trencheva K, Monette S, Pavoor R, Shukla P, Ma J, Sonoda T. Evaluation of the safety, efficacy, and versatility of a new surgical energy device (THUNDERBEAT) in comparison with harmonic ACE, LigaSure V, and EnSeal devices in a porcine model. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2012;22:378\u201386. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lap.2011.0420\n\n.","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"625_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2177-8","volume":"26","author":"SV Berdah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berdah SV, Hoff C, Poornoroozy PH, Razek P, van Nieuwenhove Y. Postoperative efficacy and safety of vessel sealing: an experimental study on carotid arteries of the pig. Surg Endosc. 2012;26:2388\u201393. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-012-2177-8\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-006-3254-1","volume":"36","author":"T Diamantis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diamantis T, Kontos M, Arvelakis A, Syroukis S, Koronarchis D, Papalois A, et al. Comparison of monopolar electrocoagulation, bipolar electrocoagulation, Ultracision, and Ligasure. Surg Today. 2006;36:908\u201313. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00595-006-3254-1\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"625_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350615579730","volume":"22","author":"R Tanaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tanaka R, Gitelis M, Meiselman D, Abar B, Zapf M, Carbray J, et al. Evaluation of vessel sealing performance among ultrasonic devices in a porcine model. Surg Innov. 2015;22:338\u201343. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1553350615579730\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"key":"625_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350615580648","volume":"22","author":"J Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen J, Manwaring PK, Scott RR, Manwaring KH, Glasgow RE. Ferromagnetic heating for vessel sealing and division: utility and comparative study to ultrasonic and bipolar technologies. Surg Innov. 2015;22:329\u201337. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1553350615580648\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"key":"625_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer B, Rothmund R, Schenk M, Kruck S, Mischinger J, Ederer M, et al. Bipolare Thermofusion von biologischem Gewebe: ThermoSEAL als neuer Mode f\u00fcr die Gef\u00e4\u00dfversiegelung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2016. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1593066\n\n.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1593066"},{"key":"625_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9932-x","volume":"23","author":"WL Newcomb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Newcomb WL, Hope WW, Schmelzer TM, Heath JJ, Norton HJ, Lincourt AE, et al. Comparison of blood vessel sealing among new electrosurgical and ultrasonic devices. Surg Endosc. 2009;23:90\u20136. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-008-9932-x\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.09.014","volume":"95","author":"M Klar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klar M, Haberstroh J, Timme S, Fritzsch G, Gitsch G, Denschlag D. Comparison of a reusable with a disposable vessel-sealing device in a sheep model: efficacy and costs. Fertil Steril. 2011;95:795\u20138. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.09.014\n\n.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"625_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2337-x","volume":"26","author":"R Rothmund","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rothmund R, Kraemer B, Neis F, Brucker S, Wallwiener M, Reda A, et al. Efficacy and safety of the novel electrosurgical vessel sealing and cutting instrument BiCision\u00ae. Surg Endosc. 2012;26:3334\u201343. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-012-2337-x\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-1224-6","volume":"25","author":"R Mantke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mantke R, Halangk W, Habermann A, Peters B, Konrad S, Guenther M, Lippert H. Efficacy and safety of 5-mm-diameter bipolar and ultrasonic shears for cutting carotid arteries of the hybrid pig. Surg Endosc. 2011;25:577\u201385. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-010-1224-6\n\n.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"625_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.08.003","volume":"186","author":"CA Latimer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Latimer CA, Nelson M, Moore CM, Martin KE. Effect of collagen and elastin content on the burst pressure of human blood vessel seals formed with a bipolar tissue sealing system. J Surg Res. 2014;186:73\u201380. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2013.08.003\n\n.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"625_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2006.16.149","volume":"16","author":"S Richter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Richter S, Kollmar O, Neunhoeffer E, Schilling MK, Menger MD, Pistorius G. Differential response of arteries and veins to bipolar vessel sealing: evaluation of a novel reusable device. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2006;16:149\u201355. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lap.2006.16.149\n\n.","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A."},{"key":"625_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2013.0028","volume":"23","author":"AC Voegele","year":"2013","unstructured":"Voegele AC, Korvick DL, Gutierrez M, Clymer JW, Amaral JF. Perpendicular blood vessel seals are stronger than those made at an angle. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2013;23:669\u201372. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lap.2013.0028\n\n.","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A."},{"key":"625_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3109\/13645706.2012.661373","volume":"21","author":"MN Szyrach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Szyrach MN, Paschenda P, Afify M, Sch\u00e4ller D, Tolba RH. Evaluation of the novel bipolar vessel sealing and cutting device BiCision\u00ae in a porcine model. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2012;21:402\u20137. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13645706.2012.661373\n\n.","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol"},{"key":"625_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3109\/13645706.2011.651145","volume":"21","author":"M Overhaus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Overhaus M, Schaefer N, Walgenbach K, Hirner A, Szyrach MN, Tolba RH. Efficiency and safety of bipolar vessel and tissue sealing in visceral surgery. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2012;21:396\u2013401. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13645706.2011.651145\n\n.","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol"},{"key":"625_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7433","volume":"98","author":"EJ Noble","year":"2011","unstructured":"Noble EJ, Smart NJ, Challand C, Sleigh K, Oriolowo A, Hosie KB. Experimental comparison of mesenteric vessel sealing and thermal damage between one bipolar and two ultrasonic shears devices. Br J Surg. 2011;98:797\u2013800. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.7433\n\n.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-019-0625-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-019-0625-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-019-0625-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:12:36Z","timestamp":1604448756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12893-019-0625-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-019-0625-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2482","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This animal study met the formal and ethical standards of the authorities and was approved by the institutional review board for animal experiments, Regierungspraesidium Tuebingen, Germany (approval number F2\/15) in compliance with the Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986. The animals were obtained from a German GbR (Gesellschaft buergerlichen Rechts) in Bingen. The company name may not be published.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"U.B., M.D.E. and D.N. are employees of Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH. B.K., C.T., S.Kr., M.Sche., M.Scha., S.Ko. and S.B. have no competing interests or financial ties to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"160"}}