{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T10:56:30Z","timestamp":1776077790771,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2019YFA0110500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0110500"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8170192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8170192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Breast augmentation with polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) injection was approved in China in 1998 and later banned in 2006. The ban ensued numerous complaints from patients such as pain, induration, deformation, infection, displacement, and milk deposition associated with PAAG injection. To date, no study has investigated the long-term effect of PAAG migration on autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report a rare case of a 49-year-old female patient with familial vitiligo who receiving PAAG injection for breast augmentation. The patient reported to have felt persistent movement of PAAG in her thoracoabdominal area for almost 20\u00a0years. Furthermore, the PAAG-induced chronic inflammation that aggravated vitiligo, which in turn promoted skin sclerosis. This damaged the breast contracture, increased chest tightness and induced mild breathing problems.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here, we present a rare case in which a patient with a family history of vitiligo experienced long-term complications after receiving PAAG injection for breast augmentation. This case highlights the relationship between vitiligo, migration of PAAG and tissue hardening and skin contraction.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Level of evidence<\/jats:italic>: Level V\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-021-01097-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T10:08:40Z","timestamp":1614334120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Breast contracture and skin sclerosis following 20\u00a0years of polyacrylamide hydrogel migration in a patient with familial vitiligo: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-002-2052-4","volume":"26","author":"NX Cheng","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cheng NX, Wang YL, Wang JH, Zhang XM, Zhong H. Complications of breast augmentation with injected hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2002;26(5):375\u201382.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1097_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-011-1273-6","volume":"36","author":"D Unukovych","year":"2012","unstructured":"Unukovych D, Khrapach V, Wickman M, Liljegren A, Mishalov V, Patlazhan G, Sandelin K. Polyacrylamide gel injections for breast augmentation: management of complications in 106 patients, a multicenter study. World J Surg. 2012;36(4):695\u2013701.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1097_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-005-0156-3","volume":"30","author":"L Christensen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Christensen L, Breiting V. Management of postoperative complications of breast augmentation by injected polyacrylamide hydrogel. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2006;30(1):132.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1097_CR4","first-page":"137","volume":"13","author":"KM Leung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leung KM, Yeoh GP, Chan KW. Breast pathology in complications associated with polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) mammoplasty. Hong Kong Med J. 2007;13(2):137\u201340.","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"1097_CR5","unstructured":"State Food and Drug Administration: About prohibited the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel (injection) warning. http:\/\/www.sda.gov.cn\/WS01\/CL0493\/93434.html. Accessed 10 May 2015."},{"key":"1097_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.10.004","volume":"64","author":"SK Luo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Luo SK, Chen GP, Sun ZS, Cheng NX. Our strategy in complication management of augmentation mammaplasty with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection in 235 patients. J Plast Reconstr Aes. 2011;64:731\u20137.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aes"},{"key":"1097_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000127232.07433.B7","volume":"114","author":"F Xiaoling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Xiaoling F, Yi C, Zhang Y, et al. Analysis of the complications induced by the polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114:261\u20132.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1097_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.03.68.PMID:32395519;PMCID:PMC7210124","volume":"8","author":"B Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian B, Xiong L, Guo K, Wang R, Yang J, Wang Z, Tong J, Sun J. Comprehensive management of breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection based on 15 years of experience: a report on 325 cases. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(7):475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2020.03.68.PMID:32395519;PMCID:PMC7210124.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1097_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-004-0099-0","volume":"29","author":"Q Qiao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Qiao Q, Wang X, Sun J, Zhao R, Liu Z, Wang Y, Sun B, Yan Y, Qi K. Management for postoperative complications of breast augmentation by injected polyacrylamide hydrogel. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2005;29(3):156\u201361.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1097_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14055","volume":"57","author":"AM Dahir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dahir AM, Thomsen SF. Comorbidities in vitiligo: comprehensive review. 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The patient was informed that treatment results are included in study analysis while patient\u2019s personal information will not be shared.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written consent for publication was obtained from the patient for information and medical images about the patient herself. The patient also understands that the text and any pictures will be freely available on the internet and may be seen by the general public.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"104"}}