{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:28:51Z","timestamp":1784215731727,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effectiveness of surgery of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in post-menopausal women needs to be investigated. This study evaluated the clinical significance of cold-knife conization in the diagnosis and surgery of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in post-menopausal women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of post- and pre-menopausal patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. All patients received cold-knife conization as the primary therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The satisfactory rate of colposcopy was significantly lower in the post-menopausal group than in the pre-menopausal group (38.33 vs. 71.25%;<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200936.202,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The overall positive margin rate of cold-knife conization (25.83 vs 12.50%;<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200910.106,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and rate of positive endocervical cone margins (16.67 vs. 4.58%;<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200914.843,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significantly higher in the post-menopausal group. Moreover, 49 post- and 60 pre-menopausal women underwent subsequent surgical treatment (40.83 vs. 25.00%). Residual rate of positive and negative margins in patients before and after menopause was significantly different (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20095.711,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017;<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200912.726,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). The recurrence rate in post-menopausal women remained 3.85%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cold-knife conization can be performed as a primary procedure for diagnosis and surgery of post-menopausal patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Sufficient deep excisions are necessary to avoid positive endocervical margins, which can reduce the residual and recurrence of postoperative lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-021-01238-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T03:43:41Z","timestamp":1620791021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The effectiveness of cold-knife conization (CKC) for post-menopausal women with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurou","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1238_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-199304000-00018","volume":"12","author":"AG Ostor","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ostor AG. 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The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective study design.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"241"}}