{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:58:29Z","timestamp":1762642709735,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M693758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M693758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Relapsed childhood polymicrobial osteomyelitis associated with dermatophytosis has not been reported in the literature.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here we report on a case of a 45-year-old man who had left tibial osteomyelitis for 29\u00a0years, accompanied by skin fungal infection of the ipsilateral heel for 20\u00a0years, and underwent a second operation due to recurrence of polymicrobial infection 6\u00a0years ago. The patient had a history of injury from a rusty object, which penetrated the anterior skin of the left tibia middle segment causing subsequent bone infection, but was asymptomatic after receiving treatments in 1983. The patient was physically normal until dermatophytosis occurred on the ipsilateral heel skin in 1998. The patient complained that the dermatophytosis was gradually getting worse, and the tibial wound site became itchy, red, and swollen. The left tibial infection resurged in May 2012, leading to the patient receiving debridement and antibiotic treatment. H&amp;E and Gram-stained histology was performed on biopsy specimens of sequestrum and surrounding inflammatory tissue. Tissue culture and microbiology examination confirmed polymicrobial infection with\u00a0<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>)\u00a0and\u00a0<jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic> and a fungus. Additionally, the patient also received potassium permanganate for dermatophytosis when he was admitted into the hospital.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Together with longitudinal follow-up of medical history, surgical findings, histopathological and microbiology culture evidence, we conclude that boyhood tibia polymicrobial osteomyelitis with <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic> occurred in this patient, and the fungal activation of dermatophytosis may have led to osteomyelitis relapse.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-022-01600-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T11:02:58Z","timestamp":1651662178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Relapsed boyhood tibia polymicrobial osteomyelitis linked to dermatophytosis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youliang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengdao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhonghui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muliang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward M.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-2506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kavanagh N, Ryan EJ, Widaa A, Sexton G, Fennell J, O'Rourke S, Cahill KC, Kearney CJ, O'Brien FJ, Kerrigan SW. Staphylococcal osteomyelitis: disease progression, treatment challenges, and future directions. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018; 31(2).","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00084-17"},{"issue":"3","key":"1600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.20002","volume":"2","author":"J Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng J, Ren Y, He W, Li Z, Yang J, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Kates SL, Schwarz EM, Xie C, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with post-traumatic osteomyelitis of limb fractures in southwest China: a hospital-based study. J Bone Jt Infect. 2017;2(3):149\u201353.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"issue":"21","key":"1600_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00029","volume":"102","author":"SL Kates","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kates SL, Owen JR, Beck CA, Xie C, Muthukrishnan G, Daiss JL, Schwarz EM. Lack of humoral immunity against glucosaminidase is associated with postoperative complications in Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020;102(21):1842\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"1600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.5194\/jbji-6-433-2021","volume":"6","author":"JD Conway","year":"2021","unstructured":"Conway JD, Hambardzumyan V, Patel NG, Giacobbe SD, Gesheff MG. Immunological evaluation of patients with orthopedic infections: taking the Cierny-Mader classification to the next level. J Bone Jt Infect. 2021;6(9):433\u201341.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"1600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24293","volume":"37","author":"EM Schwarz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwarz EM, Parvizi J, Gehrke T, Aiyer A, Battenberg A, Brown SA, Callaghan JJ, Citak M, Egol K, Garrigues GE, et al. 2018 international consensus meeting on musculoskeletal infection: research priorities from the general assembly questions. J Orthop Res. 2019;37(5):997\u20131006.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13246","volume":"64","author":"GA Celestrino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Celestrino GA, Verrinder Veasey J, Benard G, Sousa MGT. Host immune responses in dermatophytes infection. Mycoses. 2021;64(5):477\u201383.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"4","key":"1600_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5040089","volume":"5","author":"PL Fidel Jr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fidel PL Jr, Noverr MC. Special issue: fungal-bacterial interactions-current knowledge and future perspectives. J Fungi (Basel). 2019;5(4):89.","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1600_CR8","first-page":"61","volume":"7","author":"A Menon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menon A, Rodrigues C, Soman R, Sunavala A, Agashe VM. Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the ribs in immunocompetent hosts: report of two rare cases. J Orthopaedic Case Rep. 2017;7(4):61\u20134.","journal-title":"J Orthopaedic Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B5.BJJ-2018-1202.R1","volume":"101-b","author":"MS Sidhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sidhu MS, Cooper G, Jenkins N, Jeys L, Parry M, Stevenson JD. Prosthetic fungal infections: poor prognosis with bacterial co-infection. Bone Joint J. 2019;101-b(5):582\u20138.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"1600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-019-0061-z","volume":"7","author":"EA Masters","year":"2019","unstructured":"Masters EA, Trombetta RP, de Mesy Bentley KL, Boyce BF, Gill AL, Gill SR, Nishitani K, Ishikawa M, Morita Y, Ito H, et al. Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining \u201cbiofilm\u201d, \u201cacute vs. chronic osteomyelitis\u201d, \u201cthe immune proteome\u201d and \u201clocal antibiotic therapy.\u201d Bone Res. 2019;7:20.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"1600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00085","volume":"5","author":"J Josse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Josse J, Velard F, Gangloff SC. Staphylococcus aureus vs. osteoblast: relationship and consequences in osteomyelitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2015;5:85.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1600_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1384","volume":"4","author":"RA Proctor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Proctor RA, von Eiff C, Kahl BC, Becker K, McNamara P, Herrmann M, Peters G. Small colony variants: a pathogenic form of bacteria that facilitates persistent and recurrent infections. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2006;4(4):295\u2013305.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.9.3373-3380.1995","volume":"63","author":"AF Gillaspy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gillaspy AF, Hickmon SG, Skinner RA, Thomas JR, Nelson CL, Smeltzer MS. Role of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in pathogenesis of staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Infect Immun. 1995;63(9):3373\u201380.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"1600_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1111493","volume":"366","author":"DH Libraty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Libraty DH, Patkar C, Torres B. Staphylococcus aureus reactivation osteomyelitis after 75 years. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(5):481\u20132.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1600_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20070501-12","volume":"30","author":"M Al-Maiyah","year":"2007","unstructured":"Al-Maiyah M, Hemmady MV, Shoaib A, Morgan-Jones RL. Recurrence of chronic osteomyelitis in a regenerated fibula after 65 years. Orthopedics. 2007;30(5):403\u20134.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1600_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.1.18-23.2003","volume":"69","author":"G Lina","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lina G, Boutite F, Tristan A, Bes M, Etienne J, Vandenesch F. Bacterial competition for human nasal cavity colonization: role of Staphylococcal agr alleles. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003;69(1):18\u201323.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00059-14","volume":"82","author":"N Nair","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nair N, Biswas R, Gotz F, Biswas L. Impact of Staphylococcus aureus on pathogenesis in polymicrobial infections. Infect Immun. 2014;82(6):2162\u20139.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539501","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.539501","volume":"7","author":"P Chauvelot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chauvelot P, Ferry T, Tafani V, Diot A, Tasse J, Conrad A, Chidiac C, Braun E, Lustig S, Laurent F, et al. Bone and joint infection involving Corynebacterium spp.: from clinical features to pathophysiological pathways. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:539501.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1600_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.18.00220","volume":"9","author":"S Bayram","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bayram S, Bilgili F, Anarat FB, Saka E. Subacute osteomyelitis of the fibula due to corynebacterium striatum in an immunocompetent child: a case report. JBJS Case Connect. 2019;9(2): e0220.","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect"},{"issue":"2","key":"1600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2020.03.008","volume":"6","author":"NM Hernandez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hernandez NM, Buchanan MW, Cullen MM, Crook BS, Bolognesi MP, Seidelman J, Jiranek WA. Corynebacterium total hip and knee arthroplasy prosthetic joint infections. Arthroplast Today. 2020;6(2):163\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthroplast Today"},{"issue":"6","key":"1600_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27114","volume":"116","author":"MG Netea","year":"2006","unstructured":"Netea MG, Gow NA, Munro CA, Bates S, Collins C, Ferwerda G, Hobson RP, Bertram G, Hughes HB, Jansen T, et al. Immune sensing of Candida albicans requires cooperative recognition of mannans and glucans by lectin and Toll-like receptors. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(6):1642\u201350.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-022-01600-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-022-01600-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-022-01600-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T11:14:53Z","timestamp":1651662893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12893-022-01600-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-022-01600-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2482"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication of clinical details and any accompanying images were obtained from the patient.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no compteing\u00a0interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"156"}}