{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:57:59Z","timestamp":1791867479236,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely poor prognostic disease. Even though multidisciplinary treatment for PDAC has developed, supportive therapies, such as nutritional therapy or perioperative rehabilitation to sustain and complete aggressive treatment, have not yet been well-established in PDAC. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the combined index using psoas muscle mass index (PMI) values and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 101 patients diagnosed with PDAC who underwent radical pancreatectomy with regional lymphadenectomy. The cut-off value was set at the first quartile (male, 6.3 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; female 4.4 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and patients were classified into high PMI and low PMI groups. A CONUT score of 0 to 1 was classified as the normal nutritional status group, and 2 or more points as the malnutritional status group. Patients were further divided into three groups: high PMI and normal nutrition (good general condition group), low PMI and low nutrition (poor general condition group), and none of the above (moderate general condition group). We performed a prognostic analysis of overall survival (OS), stratified according to PMI values and CONUT scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the poor general condition group, the proportion of elderly people over 70 years of age was significantly higher than that in the other groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The poor general condition group had a significantly worse prognosis than the good and moderate general condition groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037). The 5-year survival rates were 10.9%, 22.3%, and 36.1% in the poor, moderate, and good general condition groups, respectively. In multivariate analysis, poor general condition, with both low PMI and malnutrition status, was an independent poor prognostic factor for postoperative OS (hazard ratio 2.161,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination of PMI and CONUT scores may be useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with PDAC after radical surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-024-02395-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:01:45Z","timestamp":1713571305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prognostic value of combined psoas muscle mass and controlling nutritional status in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shota","family":"Kuwabara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Mizota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaomi","family":"Ichinokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Murakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuma","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Ishido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2395_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","volume":"72","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemel A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:7\u201333.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2395_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30974-0","volume":"395","author":"JD Mizrahi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mizrahi JD, Surana R, Valle JW, Shoff R. Pancreatic cancer. Lancet. 2020;395:2008\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2395_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304369","volume":"369","author":"DD Von Hoff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Von Hoff DD, Ervin T, Arena FP, Chiorean EG, Infante J, Moore M, et al. Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1691\u2013703.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2395_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i12.2302","volume":"14","author":"MH Choi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choi MH, Yoon SB. Sarcopenia in pancreatic cancer: Effect on patient outcomes. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2022;14:2302\u201312.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"2395_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-018-3128-1","volume":"33","author":"G Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun G, Li Y, Peng Y, Lu D, Zhang F, Cui X, et al. Can Sarcopenia be a predictor of prognosis for patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2018;33:1419\u201327.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2395_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng HY, Zha P, Peng L, Hou L, Huang KL, Li XY. Preoperative sarcopenia is a predictor of poor prognosis of esophageal cancer after esophagectomy: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus. 2019; 32.","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doy115"},{"key":"2395_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2021.08.009","volume":"40","author":"HJ Meyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyer HJ, Wienke A, Surov A. CT-defined low-skeletal muscle mass as a prognostic marker for survival in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Oncol. 2022;40:e9\u201310316.","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"2395_CR8","unstructured":"Thormann M, Hinnerichs M, Ordonez FB, Saalfeld S, Perrakis M, Croner R et al. Sarcopenia is an independent prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic cancer- a meta-analysis. Acad Radiol. 2022; 1\u201310."},{"key":"2395_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520002299","volume":"124","author":"YS Mao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mao YS, Hao SJ, Zou CF, Xie ZB, Fu DL. Controlling nutritional score is superior to prognostic nutritional index score in predicting survival and complication in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a Chinese propensity score matching study. Br J Nutr. 2020;124:1190\u201397.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2395_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001105","volume":"47","author":"Y Kato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kato Y, Yamada S, Suenaga M, Takami H, Niwa Y, Hayashi M, et al. Impact of the controlling nutritional status score on the prognosis after curative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreas. 2018;47:823\u20139.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2395_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.770894","volume":"11","author":"X Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma X, Zou W, Sun Y. Prognostic value of pretreatment controlling nutritional score for patients with pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2022;11:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2395_CR12","volume-title":"TNM classification of malignant tumours","author":"JD Brierley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C. TNM classification of malignant tumours. 8th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2017.","edition":"8"},{"key":"2395_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.02.002","volume":"157","author":"S Okumura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Okumura S, Kaido T, Hamaguchi Y, Fujimoto Y, Masui T, Mizumoto M, et al. Impact of preoperative quality as well as quantity of skeletal muscle on survival after resection of pancreatic cancer. Surgery. 2015;157:1088\u201398.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2395_CR14","first-page":"38","volume":"20","author":"J Ignacio de Ulibarri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ignacio de Ulibarri J, Gonzalez-Madrono A, de Villar NG, Gonzalez P, Gonzalez B, Mancha A, et al. CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population. Nutr Hosp. 2005;20:38\u201345.","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"6","key":"2395_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14023","volume":"110","author":"S Kuwabara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuwabara S, Tsuchikawa T, Nakamura T, Hatanaka Y, Hatanaka CK, Sasaki K, et al. Prognostic relevance of tertiary lymphoid organs following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2019;110(6):1853\u201362.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2395_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","volume":"39","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing. 2010;39:412\u201323.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2395_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.11.025","volume":"15","author":"LK Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeuing TW, Bahyah KS, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:95\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2395_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishikawa H, Shiraki M, Hiramatsu A, Moriya K, Hino K, Nishiguchi S. Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines for sarcopenia in liver disease (1st edition): Recommendation from the working group for creation of sarcopenia assessment criteria. Hepatol Res. 2016; 46: 951\u201363.","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12774"},{"key":"2395_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-012-1923-5","volume":"16","author":"P Peng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peng P, Hyder O, Firoozmand A, Kneuertz P, Schulick RD, Huang D, et al. Impact of Sarcopenia on outcomes following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Gastrrointest Surg. 2012;16:1478\u201386.","journal-title":"J Gastrrointest Surg"},{"key":"2395_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2017.1367947","volume":"69","author":"M Mantzorou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mantzorou M, Koutelidakis A, Theocharis S, Giaginis C. Clinical value of nutritional status in cancer: what is its impact and how it affects disease progression and prognosis? Nutr Cancer. 2017;69:1151\u201376.","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"2395_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa102","volume":"12","author":"S Kheirouri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. Prognostic potential of the preoperative controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in predicting survival of patients with cancer: a systematic review. Adv Nutr. 2021;12:234\u201350.","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"2395_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2016.09.038","volume":"161","author":"D Delitto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Delitto D, Judge SM, George TJ Jr, Sarosi GA, Thomas RM, Behrns K, et al. A clinically applicable muscular index predicts long-term survival in resectable pancreatic cancer. Surgery. 2017;161:930\u20138.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2395_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000188305.90290.50","volume":"32","author":"P Fogar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fogar P, Sperti C, Basso D, Sanzari MC, Greco E, Davoli C, et al. Decreased total lymphocyte counts in pancreatic cancer: an index of adverse outcome. Pancreas. 2006;32:22\u20138.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2395_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00807","volume":"9","author":"A Chimento","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chimento A, Casaburi I, Avena P, Trotta F, Luca AD, Rago V, et al. Cholesterol and its metabolites in tumor growth: therapeutic potential of statins in cancer treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:807.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2395_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rovesti G, Varoriani F, Rimini M, Bardasi C, Ballarin R, Benedetto FD et al. Clinical implications of Malnutrition in the management of patients with pancreatic cancer: introducing the concept of the Nutritional Oncology Board. Nutrients. 2021; 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103522"},{"key":"2395_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vujasinovic M, Valente R, Del Chiaro M, Permert J, Lohr JM. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in pancreatic cancer. Nutrients. 2017; 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030183"},{"key":"2395_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08094-y","volume":"21","author":"T Sakamoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sakamoto T, Yagyu T, Uchinaka E, Miyatani Kozo, Hanaki T, Kihara K, et al. The prognostic significance of combined geriatric nutritional risk index and psoas muscle volume in older patients with pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer. 2021;21:342.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02395-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02395-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02395-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:05:10Z","timestamp":1713571510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02395-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02395-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2482","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The present study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Obihiro Kosei General Hospital (authorization number: 2021-067), and was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. The opt-out recruitment method was applied to all patients, with providing an opportunity to decline to take part in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"116"}}