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However, no large-scale national database was used to assess the occurrence and factors associated with postoperative delirium (POD) following hepatic resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who underwent hepatic resection from 2015 to 2019 were screened using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th edition clinical modification code from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database. Peri-operative factors associated with delirium were screened and underwent statistical analysis to identify independent predictors for delirium following hepatic resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 80,070 patients underwent hepatic resection over a five-year period from 2015 to 2019. The overall occurrence of POD after hepatic resection was 1.46% (1039 cases), with a slight upward trend every year. The incidence of elective admission was 6.66% lower (88.60% vs. 81.94%) than that of patients without POD after hepatic resection and 2.34% (45.53% vs. 43.19%) higher than that of patients without POD in teaching hospitals (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In addition, POD patients were 6 years older (67 vs. 61 years) and comprised 9.27% (56.69% vs. 47.42%) more male patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared to the unaffected population. In addition, the occurrence of POD was associated with longer hospitalization duration (13 vs. 5 days;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), higher total cost ($1,481,89 vs. $683,90;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and higher in-hospital mortality (12.61% vs. 4.11%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified hepatic resection-independent risk factors for POD, including non-elective hospital admission, teaching hospital, older age, male sex, depression, fluid and electrolyte disorders, coagulopathy, other neurological disorders, psychoses, and weight loss. In addition, the POD after hepatic resection has been associated with sepsis, dementia, urinary retention, gastrointestinal complications, acute renal failure, pneumonia, continuous invasive mechanical ventilation, blood transfusion, respiratory failure, and wound dehiscence \/ non-healing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the occurrence of POD after hepatic resection is relatively low, it is beneficial to investigate factors predisposing to POD to allow optimal care management and improve the outcomes of this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-024-02436-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T05:02:15Z","timestamp":1715662935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium following hepatic resection: a retrospective national inpatient sample database study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanlian","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2436_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312048","volume":"103","author":"K Chauhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chauhan K, Scaife S, Rosenbaum JT. 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JAMA Surg. 2022;157(2):e216370.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02436-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02436-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02436-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T05:06:01Z","timestamp":1715663161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02436-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02436-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2482","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. Administrative permissions were required to access the raw data used in this study and the corresponding author\u2019s (Zhen Deng) work unit (The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.) has already granted permission from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to access Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Databases. However, this observational study used deidentifed publicly available data, hence there was no requirement for consent to participate and it was deemed exempt by the ethics committee. So there is no need to grant permission in the Ethics approval and consent to participate section. What is more, the data used in this study were no need anonymized before its use. All methods are carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations. The data used in this study were not need anonymized before its use.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"151"}}