{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:03:40Z","timestamp":1788566620379,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>posterior pedicle screw fixation is common method, one of the most severe complications is iatrogenic vascular damage, no report investigated association of different introversion angles (INTAs) and length of pedicle screw. The aims were to investigate the optimal introversion angle and length of pedicle screw for improving the safety of the operation, and to analyze the differences of vascular damage types at L1-S1.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lumbar CT imaging data from110 patients were analyzed by DICOM software, and all parameters were measured by new Cartesian coordinate system, INTAs (L1-L5:5\u00b0,10\u00b0,15\u00b0,S1: 0\u00b0, 5\u00b0,10\u00b0,15\u00b0), D<jats:sub>O\u2212AVC<\/jats:sub> (the distance between the origin (O) with anterior vertebral cortex (AVC)), D<jats:sub>AVC\u2212PGVs<\/jats:sub> (the distance between AVC and the prevertebral great vessels (PGVs)), D<jats:sub>O\u2212PGVs<\/jats:sub> (the distance between the O and PGVs). At different INTAs, D<jats:sub>AVC\u2212PGVs<\/jats:sub> were divided into four grades: Grade III: D<jats:sub>AVC\u2212PGVs<\/jats:sub> \u2264 3\u00a0mm, Grade II: 3\u00a0mm\u2009&lt;\u2009D<jats:sub>AVC\u2212PGVs<\/jats:sub> \u2264 5\u00a0mm, Grade I: D<jats:sub>AVC\u2212PGVs<\/jats:sub> &gt; 5\u00a0mm, and N: the not touching PGVs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The optimal INTA was 5\u00b0 at L1-L3, the left was 5\u00b0 and the right was 15\u00b0 at L4, and screw length was less than 50\u00a0mm at L1-L4. At L5, the left optimal INTA was 5\u00b0 and the right was 10\u00b0, and screw length was less than 45\u00a0mm. The optimal INTA was 15\u00b0 at S1, and screw length was less than 50\u00a0mm. However, screw length was less than 40\u00a0mm when the INTA was 0\u00b0 or 5\u00b0 at S1.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At L5-S1, the risk of vascular injury is the highest. INTA and length of the pedicle screw in lumbar operation are closely related. 3\u00a0mm interval of screw length may be more preferable to reduce vascular damage.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-024-02483-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T09:03:51Z","timestamp":1718960631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The optimal introversion angle and length of pedicle screw to avoid L1-S1 vascular damage"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.04.173","volume":"128","author":"S Kayaci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kayaci S, Cakir T, Dolgun M, Cakir E, Bozok S, Temiz C, Caglar YS. 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All participators signed informed consent of permitting their clinical data to be used for the study. All study methods were conducted in accordance with the Three Gorges University guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"194"}}