{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:30:44Z","timestamp":1781008244792,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-024-02503-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T21:05:07Z","timestamp":1722891907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Surgical management of pancreatic cancer in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a 5 years retrospective descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tesfaye Aga","family":"Dinagde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeki","family":"Abubeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"0","key":"2503_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;0(0):1\u201341.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2503_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1166","volume":"10","author":"P Rawla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rawla P, Sunkara T, Gaduputi V. Epidemiology of pancreatic Cancer: global trends, etiology and risk factors. World J Oncol. 2019;10(1):10\u201327.","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"issue":"43","key":"2503_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i43.4846","volume":"24","author":"A McGuigan","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGuigan A, Kelly P, Turkington RC, Jones C, Coleman HG, McCain RS. Pancreatic cancer: a review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(43):4846\u201361.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2503_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Steliarova-Foucher E, Lortet-Tieulent J, Rosso S, Coebergh JWW, Comber H et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer [Internet]. 2013;49(6):1374\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.12.027.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.12.027"},{"key":"2503_CR5","unstructured":"SEER, The Surveillance, ER (SEER) institute. Epidemiology and. SEER: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Surveillance, Epidemiol End Results ProgramContents SEER Cancer Stat Rev (CSR), 1975\u20132016 Updat Febr 14, 2020 [Internet]. 2020;https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2016\/sections.htm. Available from: https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2016\/results_merged\/sect_01_overview.pdf."},{"key":"2503_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Majed HT, El-Basmi AA, Al-Mohannadi SH, Govindan R, Rajakumari GB. Pancreatic cancer: Incidence, clinical profile, and frequency of associated factors in Kuwait. Alexandria J Med [Internet]. 2013;49(1):75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajme.2012.06.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2012.06.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"2503_CR7","first-page":"505","volume":"6","author":"F Sellam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sellam F, Harir N, Khaled MB, Mrabent NM, Salah R, Benchouk A, et al. Delayed diagnosis of pancreatic cancer reported as more common in a population of north African young adults. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015;6(5):505\u201310.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2503_CR8","first-page":"172","volume":"14","author":"BJ Alegbeleye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alegbeleye BJ, Afolabi O, Alegbeleye AO. Clinicopathologic pattern and outcome of management of pancreatic carcinoma in Ibadan, Nigeria. Sudan J Med Sci. 2019;14(4):172\u201387.","journal-title":"Sudan J Med Sci"},{"key":"2503_CR9","unstructured":"Alema ON, Fualal JO, African C, Volume S, July N, East. Extra-adrenal Pheochromocytoma : Experience in Mulago Hospital. East and central African Journal of Surgery Page 144 East and central African. J Surg. 2010;15(2):144\u20139. and Central African Journal of Surgery 15 Number 2 - July \/ August 2010."},{"key":"2503_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baum C, Soliman AS, Brown HE, Seifeldin IA, Ramadan M, Lott B et al. Regional Variation of Pancreatic Cancer Incidence in the Nile Delta Region of Egypt over a Twelve-Year Period. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2020;2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6031708"},{"issue":"2","key":"2503_CR11","first-page":"340","volume":"24","author":"CA Onyekwere","year":"2008","unstructured":"Onyekwere CA, Ojukwu JC. The epidemiologic profile of pancreatic cancer and management outcome in Lagos, Nigeria. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2008;24(2):340\u20133.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2503_CR12","first-page":"141","volume":"89","author":"M Capasso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Capasso M, Franceschi M, Rodriguez-Castro KI, Crafa P, Cambi\u00e8 G, Miraglia C, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors of pancreatic cancer. Acta Biomed. 2018;89(2):141\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"2503_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilic M, Ilic I. Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer. 22, World J Gastroenterol. 2016.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i44.9694"},{"issue":"7","key":"2503_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr541","volume":"23","author":"C Bosetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bosetti C, Lucenteforte E, Silverman DT, Petersen G, Bracci PM, Ji BT, et al. Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PANC4). Ann Oncol. 2012;23(7):1880\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2503_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang YT, Gou YW, Jin WW, Xiao M, Fang HY. Association between alcohol intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Cancer [Internet]. 2016;16(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-016-2241-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2241-1"},{"issue":"30","key":"2503_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4861","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i30.4861","volume":"19","author":"R Pezzilli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pezzilli R, Pagano N. Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for pancreatic cancer? World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(30):4861\u20136.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2503_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aun Ja, *. Osama Shakeel a, Jibran Mohsin a, Awais Amjad Malik b, Ihtisham Ul Haq a, Saleema Begum a, Sameen Mohtasham Khan a, Faisal Hanif c, Syed Irfan Kabir a AAS a. Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Outcomes of a complex surgical procedure from a developing country. Pancreatology [Internet]. 2020;20(7):1534\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pan.2020.08.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2020.08.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"2503_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-015-0523-8","volume":"13","author":"A Saraee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saraee A, Vahedian-Ardakani J, Saraee E, Pakzad R, Wadji MB. Whipple procedure: a review of a 7-year clinical experience in a referral center for hepatobiliary and pancreas diseases. World J Surg Oncol. 2015;13(1):1\u20135.","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"42","key":"2503_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5346","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5346","volume":"15","author":"SL Han","year":"2009","unstructured":"Han SL, Zhang WJ, Zheng XF, Shen X, Zeng QQ, Ke QH. Radical resection and outcome for malignant tumors of the pancreatic body and tail. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(42):5346\u201351.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2503_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Romano G, Agrusa A, Galia M, Di Buono G, Chianetta D, Sorce V et al. Whipple\u2019s pancreaticoduodenectomy: Surgical technique and perioperative clinical outcomes in a single center. Int J Surg [Internet]. 2015;21(S1):S68\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.06.062.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.06.062"},{"issue":"1","key":"2503_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.09.022","volume":"214","author":"SC Mayo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mayo SC, Gilson MM, Herman JM, Cameron JL, Nathan H, Edil BH, et al. Management of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: National trends in patient selection, operative management, and use of adjuvant therapy. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;214(1):33\u201345.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2503_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5152\/UCD.2015.2674","volume":"31","author":"TD \u015eeren","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u015eeren TD, Topg\u00fcl K, Koca B, Erzurumlu K. Factors affecting survival in patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary cancers. Turkish J Surg. 2015;31(2):72\u20137.","journal-title":"Turkish J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2503_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-7697(08)70282-5","volume":"145","author":"M Huguier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huguier M, Barrier A, Gouillat C, Suc B, Jaeck D, Launois B. Pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer of the head of the pancreas. J Chir (Paris). 2008;145(1):9\u201315.","journal-title":"J Chir (Paris)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2503_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2014.08.011","volume":"70","author":"CK Jakhmola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jakhmola CK, Kumar A. Whipple\u2019s pancreaticoduodenectomy: outcomes at a tertiary care hospital. Med J Armed Forces India. 2014;70(4):321\u20136.","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"issue":"4","key":"2503_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S449","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.82","volume":"111","author":"ML Bechtold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bechtold ML, Asombang A, Madsen R, Simuyandi M, Phiri G, Ibdah JA, et al. Pancreatic Cancer: patterns in a low- to Middle-Income Population, Zambia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(4):S449.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2503_CR26","unstructured":"Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ CK, editors. SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975\u20132013 National Cancer Institute SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975\u20132013 National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Stat Rev 1975\u20132013, Natl Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD, http\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2013\/, based Novemb 2015 SEER data submission, posted to SEER web site, April 2016 [Internet]. 2016;1992\u20132013. http:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975%7B_%7D2013\/results%7B_%7Dmerged\/sect%7B_%7D24%7B_%7Dstomach.pdf."},{"issue":"5","key":"2503_CR27","first-page":"444","volume":"16","author":"F Sellam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sellam F, Mrabent NM, Harir N, Khaled MB, Salah R, Diaf M, et al. Pancreatic Cancer in a northern African Population: a retrospective analysis spanning two decades. JOP J Pancreas. 2015;16(5):444\u20138.","journal-title":"JOP J Pancreas"},{"issue":"7","key":"2503_CR28","first-page":"10","volume":"7","author":"SH Changazi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Changazi SH, Ahmed QA, Bhatti S, Siddique S, Abdul Raffay E, Farooka MW, et al. Whipple Procedure: a five-year clinical experience in Tertiary Care Center. Cureus. 2020;7(7):10\u20134.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2503_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wondimagegnehu A, Hirpa S, Abaya SW, Gizaw M, Getachew S, Ayele W et al. Oesophageal cancer magnitude and presentation in Ethiopia 2012\u20132017. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(12 December):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242807.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242807"},{"issue":"1","key":"2503_CR30","first-page":"27","volume":"77","author":"O Johnson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Johnson O, Ersumo T, Ali A. Gastric carcinoma at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa. East Afr Med J. 2000;77(1):27\u201330.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2503_CR31","first-page":"93","volume":"38","author":"T Ersumo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ersumo T, Johnson O, Ali A. Gastrointestinal tract cancer: a five year study in a teaching central referral hospital, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2000;38(2):93\u2013103.","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2503_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000251","volume":"44","author":"V Rosato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosato V, Polesel J, Bosetti C, Serraino D, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Population attributable risk for pancreatic cancer in Northern Italy. Pancreas. 2015;44(2):216\u201320.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"5","key":"2503_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4484","volume":"91","author":"M Wagner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wagner M, Redaelli C, Lietz M, Seiler CA, Friess H, B\u00fcchler MW. Curative resection is the single most important factor determining outcome in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 2004;91(5):586\u201394.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2503_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i9.2255","volume":"20","author":"J He","year":"2014","unstructured":"He J, Page AJ, Weiss M, Wolfgang CL, Herman JM, Pawlik TM. Management of borderline and locally advanced pancreatic cancer: where do we stand? World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(9):2255\u201366.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2503_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-002-6659-z","volume":"27","author":"A Richter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Richter A, Niedergethmann M, Sturm JW, Lorenz D, Post S, Trede M. Long-term results of partial pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head: 25-year experience. World J Surg. 2003;27(3):324\u20139.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2503_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1177\/107327480000700505","volume":"7","author":"BW Kuvshinoff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuvshinoff BW, Bryer MP. Treatment of resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Control. 2000;7(5):428\u201336.","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"2503_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(00)80105-5","volume":"4","author":"TA Sohn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sohn TA, Yeo CJ, Cameron JL, Koniaris L, Kaushal S, Abrams RA, et al. Resected adenocarcinoma of the pancreas \u2013\u2009616 patients: results, outcomes, and Prognostic indicators. J Gastrointest Surg. 2000;4(6):567\u201379.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"9414","key":"2503_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15841-8","volume":"363","author":"D Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li D, Xie K, Wolff R, Abbruzzese JL. Pancreatic cancer. Lancet (London England). 2004;363(9414):1049\u201357.","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02503-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02503-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02503-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T21:06:47Z","timestamp":1722892007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02503-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-024-02503-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3303804\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2482","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance to conduct this study was obtained from the institutional review board of College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University. Given the retrospective design of the study with all data gathered from patient\u2019s medical record obtaining informed consent from all study subjects is neither practicable nor necessary.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"223"}}