{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:46:57Z","timestamp":1792176417675,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-025-03076-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:53:48Z","timestamp":1758804828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Radiofrequency rhizotomy for multiple sclerosis\u2013related trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Bardia","family":"Hajikarimloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salem M.","family":"Tos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Mohammadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorsa","family":"Najari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azin","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Hasanzade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ghorbanpouryami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"Habibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3076_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103472","volume":"57","author":"S Houshi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Houshi S, Tavallaei MJ, Barzegar M, Afshari-Safavi A, Vaheb S, Mirmosayyeb O, et al. Prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;57:103472.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"3076_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.006","volume":"146","author":"P Texakalidis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Texakalidis P, Xenos D, Karras CL, Rosenow JM. Percutaneous surgical approaches in multiple sclerosis-related trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2021;146:342-50.e1.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-021-01507-3","volume":"44","author":"A Spina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spina A, Nocera G, Boari N, Iannaccone S, Mortini P. Efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery in the management of multiple sclerosis-related trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44:3069\u201377.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"3076_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.12.147","volume":"111","author":"JM Zakrzewska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zakrzewska JM, Wu J, Brathwaite TSL. A systematic review of the management of trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis. World Neurosurg. 2018;111:291\u2013306.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0969-0","volume":"20","author":"G Di Stefano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Stefano G, Maarbjerg S, Truini A. Trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis: from the clinical picture to the treatment options. J Headache Pain. 2019;20: 20.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"3076_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-024-01072-5","volume":"38","author":"AD Shkodina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shkodina AD, Bardhan M, Chopra H, Anyagwa OE, Pinchuk VA, Hryn KV, et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for the management of neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2024;38:205\u201324.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"3076_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1311-7","volume":"154","author":"M Bozkurt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bozkurt M, Al-Beyati ESM, Ozdemir M, Kahilogullari G, Elhan AH, Savas A, et al. Management of bilateral trigeminal neuralgia with trigeminal radiofrequency rhizotomy: a treatment strategy for the life-long disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012;154:785\u201391 (discussion 791\u20132).","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)."},{"key":"3076_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108695","volume":"249","author":"M Lozouet","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lozouet M, Garrido E, Bourre B, Grangeon L, Iasci L, Derrey S. Efficacy and clinical outcomes of percutaneous treatments for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2025;249: 108695.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR9","volume":"15","author":"HB G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz HB, Kur\u015fun AS, Ek\u015fi F, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk F, Karata\u015fOkumu\u015f SY, T\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fc M, et al. The comparison of general characteristics and early and late post-intervention results in patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia treated with radiofrequency thermocoagulation. Cureus. 2023;15: e44810.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"3076_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001817","volume":"90","author":"SH Mousavi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mousavi SH, Gehling P, Burchiel KJ. The long-term outcome of radiofrequency ablation in multiple sclerosis-related symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia. Neurosurgery. 2022;90:293\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"3076_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_972_20","volume":"15","author":"L Demartini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Demartini L, Conversa G, Bettaglio R, Bonezzi C, Marchesini M. Retrogasserian radiofrequency thermocoagulation: a repeatable treatment in trigeminal neuralgia unresponsive to drug therapy. Saudi J Anaesth. 2021;15:109\u201315.","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"3076_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1159\/000509315","volume":"98","author":"AT Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee AT, Raygor KP, Elefant F, Ward MM, Wang DD, Barbaro NM, et al. Comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2020;98:378\u201385.","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opz215","volume":"18","author":"LE Stone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stone LE, Falowski SM. A retrospective review of the outcomes and utility of percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia using anatomic landmark guidance in asleep patients. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2020;18:551\u20138.","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"3076_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz103","volume":"85","author":"I Noorani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noorani I, Lodge A, Vajramani G, Sparrow O. The effectiveness of percutaneous balloon compression, thermocoagulation, and glycerol rhizolysis for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis. Neurosurgery. 2019;85: E684\u201392.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"3076_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.09.004","volume":"162","author":"MT Holland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holland MT, Teferi N, Noeller J, Swenson A, Smith M, Buatti J, et al. Stereotactic radio surgery and radio frequency rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis: a single institution experience. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2017;162:80\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000128","volume":"73","author":"A Mohammad-Mohammadi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mohammad-Mohammadi A, Recinos PF, Lee JH, Elson P, Barnett GH. Surgical outcomes of trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurosurgery. 2013;73:941\u201350.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"3076_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.JNS1226","volume":"118","author":"MT Bender","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bender MT, Pradilla G, Batra S, See AP, James C, Pardo CA, et al. Glycerol rhizotomy and radiofrequency thermocoagulation for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis. J Neurosurg. 2013;118:329\u201336.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2007.09.024","volume":"71","author":"MF Fraioli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fraioli MF, Cristino B, Moschettoni L, Cacciotti G, Fraioli C. Validity of percutaneous controlled radiofrequency thermocoagulation in the treatment of isolated third division trigeminal neuralgia. Surg Neurol. 2009;71:180\u20133.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"3076_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100002626","volume":"30","author":"C Berk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Berk C, Constantoyannis C, Honey CR. The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis using percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003;30:220\u20133.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"3076_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010070113","volume":"142","author":"Y Kanpolat","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kanpolat Y, Berk C, Savas A, Bekar A. Percutaneous controlled radiofrequency rhizotomy in the management of patients with trigeminal neuralgia due to multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2000;142:685\u20139 (discussion 689\u201390).","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)."},{"key":"3076_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.4.0483","volume":"57","author":"G Broggi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Broggi G, Franzini A. Radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy in treatment of symptomatic non-neoplastic facial pain. J Neurosurg. 1982;57:483\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1982.00510160025004","volume":"39","author":"DC Brett","year":"1982","unstructured":"Brett DC, Ferguson GG, Ebers GC, Paty DW. Percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy. Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1982;39:219\u201321.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"3076_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003583","volume":"18","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. PLoS Med. 2021;18: e1003583.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"3076_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, Savovi\u0107 J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3076_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216669183","volume":"27","author":"D Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo D, Wan X, Liu J, Tong T. Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and\/or mid-quartile range. Stat Methods Med Res. 2018;27:1785\u2013805.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"3076_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-13959-7","volume":"25","author":"B Hajikarimloo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hajikarimloo B, Tos SM, Alvani MS, Kooshki A, Mohammadzadeh I, Habibi MA. Stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas in neurofibromatosis type 2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2025;25: 698.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"3076_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2024.110905","volume":"130","author":"B Hajikarimloo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hajikarimloo B, Habibi MA, SabbaghAlvani M, Zare AH, Tos SM, Sheehan JP. Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery in vestibular schwannoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2024;130: 110905.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3076_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002790","volume":"94","author":"VF De Nigris","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Nigris VF, Mashiach E, Alzate JD, Bernstein K, Rotman L, Levy S, et al. Impact of multiple sclerosis subtypes on pain management in patients with trigeminal neuralgia after stereotactic radiosurgery: an international multicenter analysis. Neurosurgery. 2024;94:838\u201346.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"3076_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.JNS173194","volume":"131","author":"CJ Przybylowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Przybylowski CJ, Cole TS, Baranoski JF, Little AS, Smith KA, Shetter AG. Radiosurgery for multiple sclerosis\u2013related trigeminal neuralgia: retrospective review of long-term outcomes. J Neurosurg. 2019;131:1583\u201390.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz182","volume":"85","author":"CA Helis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Helis CA, McTyre E, Munley MT, Bourland JD, Lucas JT, Cramer CK, et al. Gamma knife radiosurgery for multiple sclerosis-associated trigeminal neuralgia. Neurosurgery. 2019;85: E933\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"3076_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.6.JNS10142","volume":"114","author":"RF Sekula","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sekula RF, Frederickson AM, Jannetta PJ, Quigley MR, Aziz KM, Arnone GD. Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective study and systematic review with meta-analysis: Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2011;114:172\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-022-01922-0","volume":"46","author":"DT Di Carlo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Carlo DT, Benedetto N, Perrini P. Clinical outcome after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;46:8.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"3076_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.6.JNS172690","volume":"131","author":"N Zagzoog","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zagzoog N, Attar A, Takroni R, Alotaibi MB, Reddy K. Endoscopic versus open microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2019;131:1532\u201340.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106376","volume":"200","author":"G HatipogluMajernik","year":"2021","unstructured":"HatipogluMajernik G, Al-Afif S, Heissler HE, Krauss JK. Operative findings and outcome of microvascular decompression\/adhesiolysis for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis without demyelinating brain stem lesions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;200: 106376.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"3076_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000137656.59536.0E","volume":"55","author":"G Broggi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Broggi G, Ferroli P, Franzini A, Nazzi V, Farina L, La Mantia L, et al. Operative findings and outcomes of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in 35 patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Neurosurgery. 2004;55:830\u20138 (discussion 838\u20139).","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03076-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03076-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03076-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:53:49Z","timestamp":1758804829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03076-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03076-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2482","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study is deemed exempt from receiving ethical approval.Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"413"}}