{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T18:11:06Z","timestamp":1772647866524,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Clinical Research Fund of the Chinese Stomatological Association","award":["CSA-A2021-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSA-A2021-02"]}]},{"name":"New Clinical Techniques and Therapies of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology","award":["PKUSSNCT-15A12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKUSSNCT-15A12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-025-03318-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T14:37:43Z","timestamp":1764167863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effects of Pressure-Controlled Volume-Guaranteed ventilation (PCV-VG) on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPCs) of oral and maxillofacial patients undergoing free flap reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Lyv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoli","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"3318_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m540","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m540","volume":"368","author":"PM Odor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Odor PM, Bampoe S, Gilhooly D, Creagh-Brown B, Moonesinghe SR. Perioperative interventions for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;368:m540.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"3318_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000118","volume":"32","author":"I Jammer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jammer I, Wickboldt N, Sander M, Smith A, Schultz MJ, Pelosi P, Leva B, Rhodes A, Hoeft A, Walder B, et al. Standards for definitions and use of outcome measures for clinical effectiveness research in perioperative medicine: European perioperative clinical outcome (EPCO) definitions: a statement from the ESA-ESICM joint taskforce on perioperative outcome measures. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32(2):88\u2013105.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"3318_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49158-1","author":"SH Shin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shin SH, Shin B, Kang D, Cho J, Kang HK, Chon HR, et al. Restrictive spirometric pattern and postoperative pulmonary complications following non-cardiothoracic surgery. Sci Rep. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-49158-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3318_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0715-9","volume":"19","author":"J Meier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meier J, Wunschel M, Angermann A, Ettl T, Metterlein T, Klingelh\u00f6ffer C, et al. Influence of early elective tracheostomy on the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing head and neck surgery. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019;19(1):43.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"3318_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.08.007","volume":"28","author":"D Damian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damian D, Esquenazi J, Duvvuri U, Johnson JT, Sakai T. Incidence, outcome, and risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications in head and neck cancer surgery patients with free flap reconstructions. J Clin Anesth. 2016;28:12\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"3318_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-025-00540-w","volume":"14","author":"C Wen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wen C, Qi Y, Xiang Y, Pang Q, Xiao J, An R. Effect of pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation for laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Perioper Med. 2025;14(1):56.","journal-title":"Perioper Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3318_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-024-02881-x","volume":"19","author":"TT Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun TT, Chen KX, Tao Y, Zhang GW, Zeng L, Lin M, et al. Effect of flow-optimized pressure control ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) on postoperative pulmonary complications: a consort study. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2024;19(1):425.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"3318_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.05.007","volume":"44","author":"DJ Loeffelbein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loeffelbein DJ, Julinek A, Wolff KD, Kochs E, Haller B, Haseneder R. Perioperative risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications after major oral and maxillofacial surgery with microvascular reconstruction: a retrospective analysis of 648 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44(8):952\u20137.","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3318_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.08.018","volume":"74","author":"L Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li L, Yuan W, Zhang S, Wang K, Ruan H. Analysis of risk factors for pneumonia in 482 patients undergoing oral cancer surgery with tracheotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(2):415\u20139.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3318_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-020-01045-3","volume":"20","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhu X, Zhou D, Han F, Yang X. Dexmedetomidine for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients after oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020;20(1):127.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3318_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E108","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28724","volume":"131","author":"D Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou D, Zhu X, Wang L, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhang X. Which anesthesia regimen is best to reduce pulmonary complications after head and neck surgery? Laryngoscope. 2021;131(1):E108-15.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"7","key":"3318_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.01.020","volume":"77","author":"C Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang C, Xi MY, Zeng J, Li Y, Yu C. Prognostic impact of postoperative complications on overall survival in 287 patients with oral cancer: a retrospective single-institution study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;77(7):1471\u20139.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"3318_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0331194","volume":"20","author":"Z Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Z, Wu Y, Yu Y, Liu K, Tian H, Yao J, et al. Evaluation of mechanical ventilation modes in the laparoscopic perioperative period with electrical impedance tomography. PLoS One. 2025;20(9):e0331194.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"3318_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-022-00960-9","volume":"37","author":"L Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou L, Li H, Li M, Liu L. Individualized positive end-expiratory pressure guided by respiratory mechanics during anesthesia for the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Monit Comput. 2023;37(2):365\u201377.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"11","key":"3318_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15848","volume":"77","author":"XF Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li XF, Jin L, Yang JM, Luo QS, Liu HM, Yu H. Effect of ventilation mode on postoperative pulmonary complications following lung resection surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia. 2022;77(11):1219\u201327.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"3318_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex002","volume":"118","author":"A Miskovic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miskovic A, Lumb AB. Postoperative pulmonary complications. Br J Anaesth. 2017;118(3):317\u201334.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"3318_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.08.017","volume":"123","author":"CC Young","year":"2019","unstructured":"Young CC, Harris EM, Vacchiano C, Bodnar S, Bukowy B, Elliott RRD, et al. Lung-protective ventilation for the surgical patient: international expert panel-based consensus recommendations. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123(6):898\u2013913.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3318_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.03.053","volume":"34","author":"OM Assad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Assad OM, El Sayed AA, Khalil MA. Comparison of volume-controlled ventilation and pressure-controlled ventilation volume guaranteed during laparoscopic surgery in Trendelenburg position. J Clin Anesth. 2016;34:55\u201361.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"3318_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S212334","volume":"14","author":"YS Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim YS, Won YJ, Lee DK, Lim BG, Kim H, Lee IO, et al. Lung ultrasound score-based perioperative assessment of pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed or volume-controlled ventilation in geriatrics: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1319\u201329.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"3318_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002909","volume":"131","author":"MR Mathis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mathis MR, Duggal NM, Likosky DS, Haft JW, Douville NJ, Vaughn MT, et al. Intraoperative mechanical ventilation and postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2019;131(5):1046\u201362.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3318_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2019.10.002","volume":"69","author":"MK Toker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toker MK, Alt\u0131parmak B, Uysal A\u0130, Demirbilek SG. Comparison of pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in obese patients during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position. Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition). 2019;69(6):553\u201360.","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition)"},{"issue":"17","key":"3318_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.49253","volume":"17","author":"JM Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee JM, Lee SK, Rhim CC, Seo KH, Han M, Kim SY, et al. Comparison of volume-controlled, pressure-controlled, and pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed ventilation during robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic surgery in the Trendelenburg position. Int J Med Sci. 2020;17(17):2728\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"3318_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1403053","volume":"2020","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Cai B, Yu D, Liu M, Wu X, Rong J. Pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed mode combined with an open-lung approach improves lung mechanics, oxygenation parameters, and the inflammatory response during one-lung ventilation: a randomized controlled trial. BioMed Res Int. 2020;2020:1403053.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"3318_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S318008","volume":"14","author":"H Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu H, Cao Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Gu E. Pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed ventilation improves respiratory dynamics in pediatric patients during laparoscopic surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:2721\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3318_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-021-00750-9","volume":"36","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Ma S, Chang X, Ju S, Zhang M, Yu D, et al. Effect of pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed mode combined with individualized positive end-expiratory pressure on respiratory mechanics, oxygenation and lung injury in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in Trendelenburg position. J Clin Monit Comput. 2022;36(4):1155\u201364.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"10","key":"3318_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-21-421","volume":"10","author":"YP Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang YP, Wei Y, Chen XY, Zhang LX, Zhou M, Wang J. Comparison between pressure-controlled ventilation with volume-guaranteed mode and volume-controlled mode in one-lung ventilation in infants undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Transl Pediatr. 2021;10(10):2514\u201320.","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3318_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01292-y","volume":"21","author":"P Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang P, Zhao S, Gao Z, Hu J, Lu Y, Chen J. Use of volume controlled vs. pressure controlled volume guaranteed ventilation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery with laryngeal mask airway. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021;21(1):69.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3318_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23675","volume":"31","author":"JY Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi JY, Al-Saedy MA, Carlson B. Positive end-expiratory pressure and postoperative complications in patients with obesity: a review and meta-analysis. Obesity. 2023;31(4):955\u201364.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"113","key":"3318_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181fc6e0a","volume":"113","author":"J Canet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Canet J, Gallart L, Gomar C, Paluzie G, s JV, Castillo J, Sabate\u00b4 S, Mazo V, Briones Z, Sanchis J. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a Population-based surgical cohort. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(113):1338\u201350.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3318_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-015-1236-x","volume":"46","author":"H Katayama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katayama H, Kurokawa Y, Nakamura K, Ito H, Kanemitsu Y, Masuda N, et al. Extended clavien-dindo classification of surgical complications: Japan clinical oncology group postoperative complications criteria. Surg Today. 2016;46(6):668\u201385.","journal-title":"Surg Today"}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03318-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03318-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03318-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T14:37:43Z","timestamp":1764167863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03318-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03318-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2482","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was received from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University Hospital of Stomatology (Number: PKUSSIRB-202270001) in December 14, 2021. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating patients or their next of kin or legal representative who must understand the recruiter\u2019s description of the trial.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"571"}}