{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:18:51Z","timestamp":1772165931222,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-025-03474-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T08:36:10Z","timestamp":1767774970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical study on arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation for malunion and nonunion talus fractures classified as type II by Zwipp"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Wenpeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lichao","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengxun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiucun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haipeng","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3474_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2017.04.008","volume":"24","author":"JA Buza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buza JA, Leucht P. Fractures of the talus: current concepts and new developments. Foot Ankle Surg. 2018;24(4):282\u201390.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1\u2013S","key":"3474_CR2","first-page":"151","volume":"89","author":"G Caracchini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caracchini G, Pietragalla M, De Renzis A, et al. Talar fractures: radiological and CT evaluation and classification systems. Acta Biomed. 2018;89(1\u2013S):151\u201365.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"3474_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860020-00001","volume":"60\u2013A","author":"ST Canale","year":"1978","unstructured":"Canale ST, Kelly FB Jr. Fractures of the neck of the talus. Long-term evaluation of seventy-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1978;60\u2013A:143\u201356.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"11","key":"3474_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.08.016","volume":"32","author":"KB Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan KB, Lui TH. Role of ankle arthroscopy in management of acute ankle fracture. Arthrosc. 2016;32(11):2373\u201380.","journal-title":"Arthrosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3474_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-015-1601-x","volume":"25","author":"L Dei Giudici","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dei Giudici L, Di Muzio F, Bottegoni C, et al. The role of arthroscopy in articular fracture management: the lower limb. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2015;25(5):807\u201313.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3474_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070002101208","volume":"21","author":"H Elgafy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elgafy H, Ebraheim NA, Tile M, et al. Fractures of the talus: experience of two level 1 trauma centers. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(12):1023\u20139.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"3474_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-007-0372-2","volume":"15","author":"A Frigg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frigg A, Frigg R, Hintermann B, et al. The Biomechanical influence of tibio-talar containment on stability of the ankle joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15(11):1355\u201362.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"3474_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12301","volume":"9","author":"M Gang Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gang Chen M, Xu HY. Joint-Preserving surgery for Talar malunions or nonuions. Orthop Surg. 2017;9:34\u201341.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3474_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052050-00013","volume":"52\u2013A","author":"LG Hawkins","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hawkins LG. Fractures of the neck of the talus. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1970;52\u2013A:991\u20131002.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"2","key":"3474_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2017.12.004","volume":"35","author":"GA Hamilton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamilton GA, Doyle MD, Castellucci-Garza FM. Arthroscopic-assisted open reduction internal fixation. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2018;35(2):199\u2013221.","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"3474_CR11","first-page":"S240","volume":"63","author":"GA Hawker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain: visual analog scale for pain (VAS pain), numeric rating scale for pain (NRS pain), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), short-Form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), chronic pain grade scale (CPGS), short Form-36 bodily pain scale (SF-36 BPS), and measure of intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(Suppl 11):S240\u201352.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"3474_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim T, Beiri A, Azzabi M, Best AJ, Taylor GJ, Menon DK. Reliability and validity of the subjective component of the American orthopaedic foot and ankle society clinical rating scales. J Foot Ankle Surg 2008 Jan-Feb;46(2):65\u201374.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.12.002"},{"issue":"5","key":"3474_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640016685148","volume":"10","author":"R Kadakia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kadakia R, Konopka J, Rodik T, et al. Arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation (ARIF) of a comminuted posterior Talar body fracture: surgical technique and case report. Foot Ankle Spec. 2017;10(5):465\u20139.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"issue":"7","key":"3474_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500701","volume":"15","author":"HB Kitaoka","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kitaoka HB, Alexander IJ, Adelaar RS, et al. Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux, and lesser toes. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(7):349\u201353.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3474_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200410000-00014","volume":"86\u2013A","author":"E Lindvall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lindvall E, Haidukewych G, DiPasquale T, Herscovici D Jr, Sanders R. Open reduction and stable fixation of isolated, displaced Talar neck and body fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 2004;86\u2013A:2229\u201334.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"2","key":"3474_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2018.10.009","volume":"36","author":"TH Lui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lui TH, Pan XH, Pan Y. Arthroscopic and endoscopic management of common complications after displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2019;36(2):279\u201393.","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"key":"3474_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.01.021","volume":"40","author":"S Rammelt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rammelt S, Zwipp H. Talar neck and body fractures. Injury. 2009;40:120\u201335.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"12","key":"3474_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001326","volume":"32","author":"NM Romeo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Romeo NM, Hirschfeld AG, Githens M, et al. Significance of lateral process fractures associated with Talar neck and body fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2018;32(12):601\u20136.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3474_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2649-0","volume":"471","author":"T Suter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suter T, Barg A, Knupp M, Henninger H, Hintermann B. Surgical technique: Talar neck osteotomy to lengthen the medial column after a malunited Talar neck fracture. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471:1356\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3474_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Von Winning D, Adolf D, Schirrmeister W et al. Surgical treatment of Talar neck and body fractures: mid-term results of 24 cases. Z orthop Unfall, 2020 Jan 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1023-4715. Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1023-4715"},{"key":"3474_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1742-3","volume":"20","author":"A Wajsfisz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wajsfisz A, Makridis KG, Guillou R, et al. Arthroscopic treatment of a Talar neck fracture: a case report. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20:1850\u20133.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"3474_CR22","first-page":"461","volume":"23","author":"Y Bing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bing Y, Jiangchao W. The micro-hardness distribution in human metatarsal bones. Chin J Anat Clin. 2018;23(6):461\u20134.","journal-title":"Chin J Anat Clin"},{"key":"3474_CR23","unstructured":"Yu Guangrong L, Yunfeng BY, et al. Surgical treatment of malunited or nonunited talus fractures. Chin J Surg. 2010;5(489):658\u201361."},{"key":"3474_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2015.09.011","volume":"21","author":"ZH Rammelt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rammelt ZH. Secondary reconstruction for malunions and nonunions of the Talar body. Foot Ankle Clin N Am. 2016;21:95\u2013109.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin N Am"}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03474-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03474-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03474-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T11:40:49Z","timestamp":1770205249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03474-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-025-03474-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7245109\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2482","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The experimental protocol was established according to the ethical guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the Second Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Written informed consent was obtained from individual or guardian participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all individual participants included in the study (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 18).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"110"}}