{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:50:14Z","timestamp":1781934614342,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-026-03785-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:58:07Z","timestamp":1779346687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of intraoperative topical Sapylin (OK-432) for preventing lymph leakage following inguinal lymph node dissection in melanoma: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kebin","family":"Ning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangfu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlian","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenchao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3785_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9989824","volume":"2021","author":"R Bai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bai R, Huang H, Li M, Chu M, You SL. Temporal Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Skin Malignant Melanoma in China from 1990 to 2019. J Oncol. 2021;2021:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9989824.","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517708922","volume":"45","author":"M Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang M, Zhang N. Clinical and prognostic factors in 98 patients with malignant melanoma in China. J Int Med Res. 2017;45(4):1369\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060517708922.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0018","volume":"19","author":"SM Swetter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Swetter SM, Thompson JA, Albertini MR, Barker CA, Baumgartner J, Boland G, et al. NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: Melanoma: Cutaneous, Version 2.2021. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2021;19(4):364\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0018.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_164_22","volume":"23","author":"PB Nichkaode","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nichkaode PB, Sharma B, Reddy S, Inturi R, Patil A. Outcomes of Prophylactic Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection in Malignancies of Lower Limb. Ann Afr Med. 2024;23(4):656\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_164_22.","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR5","first-page":"14","volume":"110","author":"R Lauters","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lauters R, Brown AD, Allen KC. Melanoma: Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Family Phys. 2024;110(4):14.","journal-title":"Am Family Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"3785_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-022-04169-y","volume":"41","author":"A Jeanne-Julien","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeanne-Julien A, Bouchot O, De Vergie S, Branchereau J, Perrouin-Verbe M-A, Rigaud J. Morbidity and risk factors for complications of inguinal lymph node dissection in penile cancer. World J Urol. 2022;41(1):109\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-022-04169-y.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4103\/ua.ua_26_24","volume":"16","author":"P Likitpanpisit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Likitpanpisit P, Siriboonrid S. Factor associated with postoperative complications of inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer Test. Urol Annals. 2024;16(4):301\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ua.ua_26_24.","journal-title":"Urol Annals"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.06.007","volume":"43","author":"P Sharma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharma P, Zargar H, Spiess PE. Surgical Advances in Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection. Urol Clin North Am. 2016;43(4):457\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.06.007.","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"3785_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/mou.0000000000000591","volume":"29","author":"J Chipollini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chipollini J, Garcia-Castaneda J, Harb-De la Rosa A, Cheriyan S, Azizi M, Spiess PE. Important surgical concepts and techniques in inguinal lymph node dissection. Curr Opin Urol. 2019;29(3):286\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mou.0000000000000591.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3785_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.02.037","volume":"64","author":"MM Stuiver","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stuiver MM, Djajadiningrat RS, Graafland NM, Vincent AD, Lucas C, Horenblas S. Early Wound Complications After Inguinal Lymphadenectomy in Penile Cancer: A Historical Cohort Study and Risk-factor Analysis. Eur Urol. 2013;64(3):486\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.02.037.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3785_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sood A, Rudzinski JK, Spiess PE, Pettaway CA. The Acute Complications After Surgery for Penile Carcinoma and Strategies for Their Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2022;38(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soncn.2022.151285.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2022.151285"},{"key":"3785_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao Y, Shao Y, Hu X, Meng L, Li X. Risk factors for postoperative surgical complications after inguinal lymph node dissection in penile cancer patients. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-94047-5.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-94047-5"},{"issue":"11","key":"3785_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298665341953240926041613","volume":"31","author":"D Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang D, Zhang Q, Pang Y, Yan R, Ke Y. SGSM2 in Uveal Melanoma: Implications for Survival, Immune Infiltration, and Drug Sensitivity. Protein Pept Lett. 2024;31(11):894\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0109298665341953240926041613.","journal-title":"Protein Pept Lett"},{"key":"3785_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martinez-Recio S, Molina-P\u00e9rez MA, Mu\u00f1oz-Couselo E, Sevillano-Tripero AR, Aya F, Arance A, et al. Adjuvant Immunotherapy After Resected Melanoma: Survival Outcomes, Prognostic Factors and Patterns of Relapse. Cancers. 2025;17(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17010143.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17010143"},{"key":"3785_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baur J, Mathe K, Gesierich A, Weyandt G, Wiegering A, Germer C-T, et al. Morbidity and oncologic outcome after saphenous vein-sparing inguinal lymphadenectomy in melanoma patients. World J Surg Oncol. 2017;15(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12957-017-1164-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-017-1164-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"3785_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03221-z","volume":"39","author":"SC Schmid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schmid SC, Seitz AK, Haller B, Fritsche H-M, Huber T, Burger M, et al. Final results of the Pr\u00e4VAC trial: prevention of wound complications following inguinal lymph node dissection in patients with penile cancer using epidermal vacuum-assisted wound closure. World J Urol. 2020;39(2):613\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03221-z.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3785_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2020.06.001","volume":"46","author":"A Tranoulis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tranoulis A, Georgiou D, Sayasneh Mrcog A, Inetianbor E, Papadopoulos AJ, Devaja O, et al. A meta-analysis evaluating the intra-operative use of collagen-fibrin sealants during inguino-femoral lymphadenectomy: A new direction in reducing post-operative morbidity or another disappointment? Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020;46(10):1795\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejso.2020.06.001.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3785_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25366","volume":"119","author":"ALH Gerken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gerken ALH, Dobroschke J, Rei\u00dffelder C, Hetjens S, Braun V, Di Monta G, et al. Tissue sealants for the prevention of lymphoceles after radical inguinal lymph node dissection in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol. 2019;119(6):728\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.25366.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2022.4.434","volume":"94","author":"AB Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva AB, Pereira JN, Freitas R, Braga I, Carvalho J, Magalh\u00e3es JS, et al. Does the placement of a collagen-fibrin sealant reduce complications of radical inguinal lymph node dissection? - Comparative study in patients with penile cancer. Archivio Italiano di Urol e Andrologia. 2022;94(4):434\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/aiua.2022.4.434.","journal-title":"Archivio Italiano di Urol e Andrologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3785_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.097","volume":"46","author":"W Chungsiriwattana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chungsiriwattana W, Kongkunnavat N, Kamnerdnakta S, Hayashi A, Tonaree W. Immediate inguinal lymphaticovenous anastomosis following lymphadenectomy in skin cancer of lower extremities. Asian J Surg. 2023;46(1):299\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.097.","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"3785_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang L, Li Y, Jiao Y, Zhang C, Shao M, Jiang H, et al. Maprotiline Prompts an Antitumour Effect by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression in Mice with Melanoma. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2023;17(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0118761429259562230925055749.","DOI":"10.2174\/0118761429259562230925055749"},{"issue":"6","key":"3785_CR22","first-page":"3017","volume":"9","author":"H Huijing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huijing H, Deguang K, Yu L, Qiuxia C, Kun W, Dan Z, et al. Sapylin promotes wound healing in mouse skin flaps. Am J translational Res. 2017;9(6):3017\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J translational Res"},{"key":"3785_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104531","author":"G Fasching","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fasching G, Dollinger C, Spendel S, Tepeneu NF. Treatment of lymphangiomas by means of sclerotherapy with OK-432 (Picibanil\u00ae) is safe and effective \u2013 A retrospective case series. Annals Med Surg. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104531.","journal-title":"Annals Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/sap.0000000000002251","volume":"85","author":"S Uyulmaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uyulmaz S, Puippe G, B\u00fcy\u00fckaky\u00fcz N, Giovanoli P, Pfammatter T, Lindenblatt N. Sclerotherapy With OK-432 for the Treatment of Symptomatic Lymphocele After Lymph Node Dissection. Ann Plast Surg. 2020;85(4):407\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sap.0000000000002251.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3785_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-020-00832-z","volume":"24","author":"P Aluffi Valletti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aluffi Valletti P, Brucoli M, Boffano P, Benech A, Toso A, Dell\u2019Era V, et al. A single-center experience in the management of head and neck lymphangiomas. Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 2020;24(1):109\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-020-00832-z.","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3785_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2728-1","volume":"20","author":"Y Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang Y, Gao E, Liu X, Ye Z, Chen Y, Li Q, et al. Effectiveness of OK-432 (Sapylin) to Reduce Seroma Formation After Axillary Lymphadenectomy for Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;20(5):1500\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-012-2728-1.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3785_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2016.1204386","volume":"30","author":"D Kong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kong D, Liu Y, Li Z, Cui Q, Wang K, Wu K, et al. OK-432 (Sapylin) Reduces Seroma Formation After Axillary Lymphadenectomy in Breast Cancer. J Invest Surg. 2016;30(1):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08941939.2016.1204386.","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"3785_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cant\u00fa-Reyes JA, Mier-Escurra EA, C\u00e1zares-Rangel J, De Rodr\u00edguez J, Lammel-Lindemann J, Rend\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda LF, et al. Experiencia con OK-432 en malformaciones vasculares linf\u00e1ticas en un hospital del norte de M\u00e9xico. Bolet\u00edn M\u00e9dico del Hosp Infantil de M\u00e9xico. 2019;75(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24875\/bmhim.M18000013.","DOI":"10.24875\/bmhim.M18000013"},{"issue":"8","key":"3785_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14700","volume":"108","author":"N Ghaffarpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghaffarpour N, Claesson G, Wester T, Boman KK. Long-term health\u2010related quality of life in children with lymphatic malformations treated with sclerotherapy generally matched age\u2010appropriate standardised population norms. Acta Paediatr. 2019;108(8):1499\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.14700.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"3785_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Fumino S, Iguchi M, Takayama S, Kim K, Hirano S, et al. Multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy with appropriate timing and modalities for treating cervicofacial lymphatic malformations in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2024;41(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-024-05947-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-024-05947-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"3785_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.056","volume":"57","author":"S Fernandes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fernandes S, Yeung P, Heran M, Courtemanche D, Chadha N, Baird R. Sclerosing agents in the management of lymphatic malformations in children: A systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57(5):888\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.056.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3785_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18761429322420","DOI":"10.2174\/0118761429322420241112051105","volume":"17","author":"S Fatima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fatima S, Song Y, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Zhao R, Malik K, et al. Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanisms of P-hydroxylcinnamaldehyde for Treating Gastric Cancer: A Pharmacological Perspective with Experimental Confirmation. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2024;17(1):e18761429322420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0118761429322420241112051105.","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3785_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.2174\/0115665232331353240911080642","volume":"25","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Huang W, Kim BS, Lin L, Li X, et al. Pan-Cancer Single-Cell Analysis Revealing the Heterogeneity of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Skin Tumors. Curr Gene Ther. 2024;25(5):793\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0115665232331353240911080642.","journal-title":"Curr Gene Ther"},{"key":"3785_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108706","author":"D Kong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kong D, Zhang D, Cui Q, Wang K, Tang J, Liu Z, et al. Sapylin (OK-432) alters inflammation and angiogenesis in vivo and vitro. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108706.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"8","key":"3785_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.02.038","volume":"73","author":"C Sars","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sars C, Gillgren P, Schultz I, Lindqvist EK. Risk Factors for Complications and Long-Term Outcomes Following Completion Lymph Node Dissection for Cutaneous Melanoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2020;73(8):1540\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.02.038.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg"},{"key":"3785_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Horbach SER, Lokhorst MM, Saeed P, de Go\u00fcyon CMF, Rothov\u00e1 A, van der Horst CMAM. Sclerotherapy for low-flow vascular malformations of the head and neck: A systematic review of sclerosing agents. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. 2016;69(3):295\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.10.045.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.10.045"},{"issue":"2B","key":"3785_CR37","first-page":"1495","volume":"26","author":"K Kazuo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kazuo K, Kazuhiro S, Hiromoto S, Kei-Ichi I, Takashi S, Hideharu K, et al. Randomized phase II trial of OK-432 in patients with malignant pleural effusion due to non-small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res. 2006;26(2B):1495\u20139.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3785_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30180","volume":"38","author":"MG J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2017","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen MG, Toyserkani NM, S\u00f8rensen JA. The effect of prophylactic lymphovenous anastomosis and shunts for preventing cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Microsurgery. 2017;38(5):576\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/micr.30180.","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"3785_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen MG, Toyserkani NM, Hyldig N, Chakera AH, H\u00f6lmich LR, Thomsen JB, et al. Prevention of seroma following inguinal lymph node dissection with prophylactic, incisional, negative-pressure wound therapy (SEROMA trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-018-2757-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2757-6"},{"key":"3785_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen L, Lin L, Li L, Xie Z, He H, Lin C, et al. Lymphatic leakage after pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer: a retrospective case-control study. BMC Cancer. 2021;21(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-021-08984-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08984-1"},{"key":"3785_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.05.005","volume":"267","author":"L Frich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frich L, Hermann R, Berentzen \u00c5, Ryder T. Randomized Study of Wound Drainage on Early Complications After Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma. J Surg Res. 2021;267:467\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2021.05.005.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3785_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/xcs.0000000000000438","volume":"236","author":"KJ Chua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chua KJ, Balraj V, Patel HV, Srivastava A, Doppalapudi SK, Elsamra SE, et al. Wound Complication Rates after Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection: Contemporary Analysis of the NSQIP Database. J Am Coll Surg. 2022;236(1):18\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/xcs.0000000000000438.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"32","key":"3785_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.18.02306","volume":"37","author":"L Ulrike","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ulrike L, Rudolf S, Cornelia M, Werner H, Carola HBN. Final Analysis of DeCOG-SLT Trial: No Survival Benefit for Complete Lymph Node Dissection in Patients With Melanoma With Positive Sentinel Node. J Clin oncology: official J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2019;37(32):3000\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.18.02306.","journal-title":"J Clin oncology: official J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3785_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sopen.2022.02.001","volume":"8","author":"T Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen T, Lin Y, Tan Q. Risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema after inguinal lymphadenectomy in melanoma patients: A retrospective cohort study. Surg Open Sci. 2022;8:33\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sopen.2022.02.001.","journal-title":"Surg Open Sci"},{"key":"3785_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lange JR. Review of the Guidelines on the Management of the Regional Lymph Nodes in Patients With Melanoma. JAMA Surg. 2020;155(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.5417.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.5417"},{"issue":"8","key":"3785_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5655","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29080446","volume":"29","author":"M Deban","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deban M, Vallance P, Jost E, McKinnon JG, Temple-Oberle C. Higher Rate of Lymphedema with Inguinal versus Axillary Complete Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma: A Potential Target for Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction? Curr Oncol. 2022;29(8):5655\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol29080446.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3785_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-15149-4","volume":"31","author":"TS Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee TS, Li I, Peric B, Saw RPM, Duprat JP, Bertolli E, et al. Leg Lymphoedema After Inguinal and Ilio-Inguinal Lymphadenectomy for Melanoma: Results from a Prospective, Randomised Trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2024;31(6):4061\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-024-15149-4.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"3785_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/sap.0000000000003228","author":"S Siyou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siyou S, Nisha P, Gabriela S. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Techniques for Management of Postoperative Lymphatic Leaks After Groin Surgery. Ann Plast Surg. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sap.0000000000003228.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3785_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-020-01927-7","volume":"405","author":"ALH Gerken","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gerken ALH, Herrle F, Jakob J, Wei\u00df C, Rahbari NN, Nowak K, et al. Definition and severity grading of postoperative lymphatic leakage following inguinal lymph node dissection. Langenbeck\u2019s Archives Surg. 2020;405(5):697\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00423-020-01927-7.","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s Archives Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3785_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-0513.113632","volume":"2","author":"S Thomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomas S, Kumar V, Nangia A, Singh R, Aggarwal L, Tudu S. Nature of axillary drainage fluid after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Invest J. 2013;2(2):113\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2278-0513.113632.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Invest J"},{"key":"3785_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Canbek U, Dibek E, Akgun U, Col B, Canbek TD, Aydogan NH et al. Analysis of the fluid biochemistry in patients with prolonged wound drainage after hip hemiarthroplasty. Injury. 2020(prepublish). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2020.10.034.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.10.034"},{"issue":"2","key":"3785_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.26855\/ijcemr.2020.04.001","volume":"4","author":"H Xiong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong H, Zhuang Y, Fu X. Causes and Treatment of Inguinal Lymphadenopathy: Literature Review. Int J Clin Experimental Med Res. 2020;4(2):7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26855\/ijcemr.2020.04.001.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Experimental Med Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-026-03785-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-026-03785-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-026-03785-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:56:36Z","timestamp":1781931396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12893-026-03785-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-026-03785-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2482","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This single-center retrospective study was approved by the Science and Technology Ethics Committee of the Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital (Approval Number: KY2025986; Approval Date: August 21, 2025); it was also permitted by the hospital\u2019s Office of Scientific Research (Approval Date: August 29, 2025). All patients were informed preoperatively of the potential intraoperative use of Sapylin or normal saline and provided written informed consent. Because anonymized retrospective clinical data were used, the ethics committee approved a waiver of re-consent for this study. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"422"}}