{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:39:34Z","timestamp":1792787974935,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This study was financially supported by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.","award":["1402.610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1402.610"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04krpx645","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"This study was financially supported by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.","award":["1402.610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1402.610"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04krpx645","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"This study was financially supported by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.","award":["1402.610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1402.610"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04krpx645","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"This study was financially supported by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.","award":["1402.610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1402.610"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04krpx645","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"This study was financially supported by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.","award":["1402.610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1402.610"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04krpx645","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Surg"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-026-04061-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:06:12Z","timestamp":1784693172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative outcomes of central venous access via open jugular and ultrasound-guided subclavian approaches in low-weight pediatric patients: a study with secondary outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Rezaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Aslanabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davoud","family":"Badebarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"hamzei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"4061_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.03.025","volume":"53","author":"L Vierboom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vierboom L, et al. Tunnelled central venous access devices in small children: a comparison of open vs. ultrasound-guided percutaneous insertion in children weighing ten kilograms or less. J Pediatr Surg. 2018;53(9):1832\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"4061_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.05.014","volume":"51","author":"F Montes-Tapia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Montes-Tapia F, et al. Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization in low birth weight newborn. J Pediatr Surg. 2016;51(10):1700\u20133.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4061_CR3","first-page":"209","volume":"35","author":"N Nardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nardi N, et al. Effectiveness and complications of ultrasound-guided subclavian vein cannulation in children and neonates. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2016;35(3):209\u201313.","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4061_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.03.029","volume":"35","author":"H Keskin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keskin H, et al. Syringe-free, long-axis in-plane versus short-axis classic out-of-plane approach for ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheter placement in critically ill children: a prospective randomized study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021;35(7):2094\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"4061_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000385","volume":"16","author":"C Aytekin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aytekin C, et al. Ultrasound-guided brachiocephalic vein catheterization in infants weighing less than five kilograms. J Vasc Access. 2015;16(6):512\u20134.","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"4061_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00211","volume":"5","author":"Z Merchaoui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merchaoui Z, et al. Supraclavicular approach to ultrasound-guided brachiocephalic vein cannulation in children and neonates. Front Pead. 2017;5:211.","journal-title":"Front Pead"},{"issue":"10","key":"4061_CR7","first-page":"584","volume":"68","author":"C Acosta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acosta C, Tusman G. Ultrasound-guided brachiocephalic vein access in neonates and pediatric patients. Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Anestesiolog\u00eda y Reanimaci\u00f3n. (English Edition). 2021;68(10):584\u201391.","journal-title":"(English Edition)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4061_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729820940174","volume":"22","author":"G Barone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barone G, et al. Centrally inserted central catheters in preterm neonates with weight below 1500\u00a0g by ultrasound-guided access to the brachio-cephalic vein. J Vasc Access. 2021;22(3):344\u201352.","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"4061_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13728","volume":"65","author":"W Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu W, et al. Combined short-and long\u2010axis method for internal jugular vein catheterization in premature newborns: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021;65(3):420\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"7","key":"4061_CR10","first-page":"1477","volume":"38","author":"X Gong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gong X, et al. Comparison of the ultrasound-guided supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches for subclavian vein cannulation in children with congenital heart disease. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2024;38(7):1477\u201383.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"4061_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barone G, Pittiruti M, Biasucci DG, Elisei D, Iacobone E, La Greca A, Zito Marinosci G, D'Andrea V. Neo-ECHOTIP: A structured protocol for ultrasound-based tip navigation and tip location during placement of central venous access devices in neonates. J Vasc Access. 2022 Sep;23(5):679-688. Epub 2021 Apr 5. PMID: 33818191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211007703.","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211007703"},{"key":"4061_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Disma NM, Pittiruti M . Evidence based rationale for ultrasound guided vascular access in children. Vascular Access in Neonates and Children. Springer. 2022:25\u20139.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94709-5_2"},{"issue":"4","key":"4061_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211001159","volume":"23","author":"F Spagnuolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spagnuolo F, Vacchiano T. Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein in newborns: a novel approach with a supraclavicular view for tip navigation and tip location. J Vasc Access. 2022;23(4):515\u201323.","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"4061_CR14","unstructured":"Mghirbi O et al. Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein in neonates: Feasibility and safety. J Vasc Access. 2024:11297298251349037."},{"issue":"7","key":"4061_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2022.10.010","volume":"30","author":"E Farhadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farhadi E, et al. Comparison of Open and Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Central Venous Catheter in Children Weighing Less Than Five Kilograms; A Randomized Clinical Trial. Acad Radiol. 2023;30(7):1419\u201325.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4061_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005819","volume":"51","author":"M Zawadka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zawadka M, et al. Real-Time Ultrasound Guidance as Compared With Landmark Technique for Subclavian Central Venous Cannulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2023;51(5):642\u201352.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4061_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000973","volume":"43","author":"MM Lalu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lalu MM, et al. Ultrasound-Guided Subclavian Vein Catheterization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(7):1498\u2013507.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4061_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.18621\/eurj.748292","volume":"7","author":"S Se\u00e7ici","year":"2021","unstructured":"Se\u00e7ici S. Landmark guided internal jugular vein catheterization in infants undergoing congenital heart surgery. Eur Res J. 2021;7(4):375\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Res J"},{"issue":"01","key":"4061_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1741425","volume":"12","author":"S Gurel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gurel S, G\u00f6zen A, Bektas MS. Central Subclavian Catheterization in Newborns: Single-Center Experience. J Child Sci. 2022;12(01):e5\u20138.","journal-title":"J Child Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4061_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211034311","volume":"24","author":"Z Merchaoui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merchaoui Z, et al. Ultrasound guided percutaneous catheterization of the brachiocephalic vein by small caliber catheter: An alternative to epicutaneo-caval catheter in newborn and premature infants. J Vasc Access. 2023;24(3):487\u201391.","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"4061_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2007.02407.x","volume":"49","author":"B Karapinar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karapinar B, Cura A. Complications of central venous catheterization in critically ill children. Pediatr Int. 2007;49(5):593\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"4061_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sangsari R, et al. Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Tip Malposition in Neonates: a comparison of placement in the head & neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity. IJ Pediatr. 2024:34(34).","DOI":"10.5812\/ijp-147851"},{"issue":"6","key":"4061_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003108","volume":"72","author":"MH J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2021","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen MH, et al. Safety of high-volume plasmapheresis in children with acute liver failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2021;72(6):815\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"4061_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01716195","volume":"17","author":"J Casado-Flores","year":"1991","unstructured":"Casado-Flores J, et al. Subclavian vein catheterization in critically ill children: analysis of 322 cannulations. Intensive Care Med. 1991;17(6):350\u20134.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"4061_CR25","first-page":"64","volume":"83","author":"CC Araujo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Araujo CC, Lima MC, Falbo GH. Percutaneous subclavian central venous catheterization in children and adolescents: success, complications and related factors. Jornal de pediatria. 2007;83:64\u201370.","journal-title":"Jornal de pediatria"}],"container-title":["BMC Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-026-04061-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-026-04061-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12893-026-04061-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:22:39Z","timestamp":1792160559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12893-026-04061-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-026-04061-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7933826\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2482"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2482","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing detailed explanations regarding the nature of the study. Strict confidentiality was maintained throughout the research, and no personal or identifying information about the patients was disclosed at any stage. It is noteworthy that all procedures performed in this study were solely for therapeutic purposes, with no additional financial burden imposed on the patients. Parents were informed that both catheterization methods were equally beneficial for central venous access and that there would be no difference in cost between the two techniques. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences under the code IR.TBZMED.REC.1402.610, and the clinical trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the code IRCT20230901059317N1\/ https:\/\/irct.behdasht.gov.ir\/trial\/72449. This study was conducted in full accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Given that the authors of the present study are nonnative English speakers and minor linguistic inaccuracies might have occurred during the initial drafting process, the manuscript was subsequently refined using a Large Language Model (LLM) such as ChatGPT to improve clarity and language quality. The authors affirm that this tool\u2014and any similar language based applications\u2014was used solely for stylistic enhancement and grammatical correction, and not for data analysis, primary writing, or any other component of the research process.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no patient personal data included in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"696"}}