{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T03:15:57Z","timestamp":1782011757067,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beaumont Health System (US) Taubman Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome is a bladder disease usually characterized by pain, urgency, and frequency. Interstitial cystitis is currently classified into two subtypes, with and without Hunner\u2019s lesions. However, the underlying etiology of interstitial cystitis and its subtypes are largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To better understand the biological changes in the bladder of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome patients, we directly analyzed bladder tissue of interstitial cystitis patients, both those with Hunner\u2019s lesions and those without. Proteins in the bladder biopsies were analyzed using nanoscale high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Disease subgroups were compared and significantly expressed proteins were mapped using STRING to determine protein associations and functions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found that patients with Hunner\u2019s lesions had significant increases in inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins, with a decrease in cellular adhesive proteins, compared to patients without Hunner\u2019s lesions. These patients also exhibited a decrease in proteins associated with the Rap1 signaling pathway, which regulates cell proliferation and wound healing. When comparing diseased and non-disease-apparent tissue in patients with Hunner\u2019s lesions, diseased tissue exhibited a decrease in ubiquitination proteins.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In summary, there are significant differences in protein expression found in the bladders of interstitial cystitis patients with and without Hunner\u2019s lesions, indicating a disturbance in proteins associated with cellular adhesion, proliferation, protein processing, and wound healing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-020-00751-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T12:02:44Z","timestamp":1604750564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Proteomic analysis of bladder biopsies from interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome patients with and without Hunner\u2019s lesions reveals differences in expression of inflammatory and structural proteins"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elijah P.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Bartolone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Chancellor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0386-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura E.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.08.028","volume":"51","author":"C Temml","year":"2007","unstructured":"Temml C, Wehrberger C, Riedl C, Ponholzer A, Marszalek M, Madersbacher S. Prevalence and correlates for interstitial cystitis symptoms in women participating in a health screening project. Eur Urol. 2007;51(3):803\u20138 (discussion 809).","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"751_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.050","volume":"69","author":"JK Parsons","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parsons JK, Kurth K, Sant GR. Epidemiologic issues in interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2007;69(4 Suppl):5\u20138.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"751_CR3","first-page":"S9","volume":"4","author":"GR Sant","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sant GR. Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. Rev Urol. 2002;4(Suppl 1):S9\u201315.","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"751_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65006-9","volume":"167","author":"RFM Peeker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peeker RFM. 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