{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:22:30Z","timestamp":1777461750308,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hollister Incorporated"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intermittent catheterization (IC) is a common medical technique to drain urine from the bladder when this is no longer possible by natural means. The objective of this study was to evaluate the standard of care and the burden of illness in German individuals who perform intermittent catheterization and obtain recommendations for improvement of care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A descriptive study with a retrospective, longitudinal cohort design was conducted using the InGef research database from the German statutory health insurance claims data system. The study consisted of individuals with initial IC use in 2013\u20132015.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Within 3\u00a0years 1100 individuals with initial IC were identified in the database (~\u200919,000 in the German population). The most common IC indications were urologic diseases, spinal cord injury, Multiple Sclerosis and Spina Bifida. Urinary tract infections (UTI) were the most frequent complication occurring 1\u00a0year before index (61%) and in follow-up (year 1 60%; year 2 50%). Resource use in pre-index including hospitalizations (65%), length of stay (12.8\u2009\u00b1\u200920.0\u00a0days), physician visits (general practitioner: 15.2\u2009\u00b1\u200929.1), prescriptions of antibiotics (71%) and healthcare costs (\u20ac17,950)  were\u00a0high. Comorbidities, complications, and healthcare resource use were highest 1\u00a0year before index, decreasing from first to second year after index.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The data demonstrated that prior to initial catheterization, IC users experienced UTIs and high healthcare utilization. While this demonstrates a potential high burden of illness prior to initial IC, UTIs also decreased over time, suggesting that IC use may have a positive influence. The findings also showed that after the first year of initial catheterization the cost decreased. Further studies are needed to better understand the extent of the burden for IC users compared to non-IC users.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-021-00814-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T03:34:31Z","timestamp":1617852871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The burden of illness in initiating intermittent catheterization: an analysis of German health care claims data"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Almuth","family":"Angermund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Inglese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0605-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimena","family":"Goldstine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Iserloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Libutzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)61055-3","volume":"107","author":"J Lapides","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lapides J, Diokno AC, Silber SJ, Lowe BS. 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Due to the sensitivity of the data and data protection regulations, the analysis datasets of the current study will not be shared or stored at a public repository. The analysis did not involve any decisions regarding interventions or the omission of interventions. Accordingly, institutional review board\/ethical approval and informed consent of the individual were not required. Moreover, all individual patient data are de-identified in the research database to comply with German data protection regulations. Patient numbers below five were not reported.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication."}},{"value":"L. Iserloh and B. Libutzki are employees of HGC Healthcare Consultants GmbH, which received funding from Hollister Incorporated to conduct this study. J. Goldstine and G. Inglese are employees of Hollister Incorporated. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"57"}}