{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:37:47Z","timestamp":1761511067292,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hydronephrosis (HN) is the most common abnormality detected on prenatal ultrasound. This study sought to stratify outcomes of patients by severity of prenatal HN with postnatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a retrospective review of patients referred to a tertiary care fetal-maternal clinic with diagnosis of prenatal HN from 2004 to 2019. HN severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Data were analyzed to determine the association between HN severity and surgical intervention. Decision for surgery was based on factors including history of multiple urinary tract infections, evidence of renal scarring, and\/or reduced renal function. Surgery-free survival time was represented by the Kaplan\u2013Meier method, and hazard ratios were calculated using the log-rank test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>131 kidneys among 101 infants were prenatally diagnosed with hydronephrosis; 35.9% had mild HN, 29.0% had moderate HN, and 35.1% had severe HN. 8.5% of patients with mild HN, 26.3% of patients with moderate HN, and 65.2% of patients with severe HN required surgery. Patients with severe HN were 12.2 (95% CI 6.1\u201324.4; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) times more likely to undergo surgery for HN than patients with mild HN and 2.9 (95% CI 1.5\u20135.3; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) times more likely to undergo surgery than patients with moderate HN. Patients with moderate HN were 4.3 times more likely to require surgery than patients with mild HN (95% CI 1.5\u201312.9; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Median age at surgery was 11.8\u00a0months among patients with mild HN (IQR 11.7\u201314.1\u00a0months), 6.6\u00a0months among patients with moderate HN (IQR 4.2\u201316.4\u00a0months), and 5.4\u00a0months among patients with severe HN (3.7\u201312.4\u00a0months).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among this cohort of referrals from a fetal-maternal clinic, severity of HN correlated with increased likelihood of surgical intervention. Continued assessment of patients with prenatal HN should be evaluated to best determine the role of the pediatric urologist in cases of prenatal HN.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-021-00822-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T12:03:19Z","timestamp":1617796999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between severity of prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis and receipt of surgical intervention postnatally among patients seen at a fetal-maternal center"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4929-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zo\u00eb G.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthi","family":"Hannallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Trabold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Estell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cherry","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy Y.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Scott","family":"Sparks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"De Filippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evalynn","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04420-6","author":"F Yalcinkaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yalcinkaya F, Ozcakar ZB. Management of antenatal hydronephrosis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-019-04420-6.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"822_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0120","volume":"118","author":"RS Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee RS, Cendron M, Kinnamon DD, Nguyen HT. 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The research team was approved by the IRB at our institution to access and use our institution\u2019s electronic medical record for the purposes of this study. Considering the retrospective nature of this study and appropriate protocols to protect participant confidentiality, the IRB determined that informed consent was not required for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial or non-financial competing interests to be declared.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"54"}}