{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:18:52Z","timestamp":1772165932606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A long segment stricture in the anterior urethra is a challenge in urology. We conducted a study to investigate the efficacy of anterior urethral reconstruction using an everted saphenous vein graft (SVG) in a tubular fashion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve male beagles were randomly divided into three groups: experimental group (n\u2009=\u20095), control group (n\u2009=\u20095) and normal group (n\u2009=\u20092). A 3\u00a0cm defect in the anterior urethra was created. Autologous SVG was harvested. In the experimental group, urethral defect was replaced by an everted SVG in a tubular fashion. In the control group, urethral reconstruction was performed using an uneverted SVG. Beagles in all groups received retrograde urethrography to evaluate urethral patency and were killed for histological examination 6\u00a0months after operation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four beagles in the experimental group had no voiding difficulty and the other one could not void spontaneously. Retrograde urethrography showed the four beagles in experimental group had wide urethral lumens. Ether urethral stricture or fistula were detected in all animals in the control group. Histological analysis of the four beagles in the experimental group indicated the everted SVG completely integrated into the urethra. The reconstructed urethra contained a wide lumen and was completely covered by urothelium. The periurethral collagen and muscle fibers formed and were highly organized. Everted SVG showed a high ability of neovascularization. In the control group, the reconstructed segment showed a fibrotic urethral lumen where the urothelium was not intact. Only few new capillaries were formed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Everted SVG demonstrates for a promising strategy for potential urethral stricture repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-021-00833-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T06:03:10Z","timestamp":1618639390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Tubularized urethral reconstruction using everted saphenous vein graft in a beagle model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3820-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"833_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2003.04379.x","volume":"92","author":"G Barbagli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barbagli G, Palminteri E, Lazzeri M, Guazzoni G. Anterior urethral strictures. BJU Int. 2003;92(5):497\u2013505.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"833_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-010-2315-7","volume":"49","author":"O Engel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engel O, Fisch M. Urethral reconstruction after failed primary surgery. Urologe A. 2010;49(7):822\u20136.","journal-title":"Urologe A"},{"issue":"9","key":"833_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2003.04860.x","volume":"93","author":"S Bhargava","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bhargava S, Chapple CR. Buccal mucosal urethroplasty: is it the new gold standard? BJU Int. 2004;93(9):1191\u20133.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"833_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.01.091","volume":"190","author":"OT Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee OT, Durbin-Johnson B, Kurzrock EA. Predictors of secondary surgery after hypospadias repair: a population based analysis of 5,000 patients. J Urol. 2013;190(1):251\u20135.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"833_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-9-15","volume":"9","author":"RJ Sinha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sinha RJ, Singh V, Sankhwar SN, Dalela D. Donor site morbidity in oral mucosa graft urethroplasty: implications of tobacco consumption. BMC Urol. 2009;9:15.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"833_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.11.014","volume":"73","author":"A Soave","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soave A, Dahlem R, Pinnschmidt HO, et al. Substitution urethroplasty with closure versus nonclosure of the buccal mucosa graft harvest site: a randomized controlled trial with a detailed analysis of oral pain and morbidity. Eur Urol. 2018;73(6):910\u201322.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"833_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.11.020","volume":"40","author":"F Dick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dick F, Hristic A, Roost-Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl E, et al. Persistent sensitivity disorders at the radial artery and saphenous vein graft harvest sites: a neglected side effect of coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40(1):221\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"833_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1159\/000464473","volume":"99","author":"Y Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu Y, Shen Z, Liu G, et al. Urethral reconstruction using everted SVG in a rabbit model: one-year outcomes. Urol Int. 2017;99(1):110\u20137.","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"833_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.05088.x","volume":"94","author":"AC Peterson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peterson AC, Webster GD. Management of urethral stricture disease: developing options for surgical intervention. BJU Int. 2004;94(7):971\u20136.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"833_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.08.055","volume":"85","author":"JS Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu JS, Han J, Said M, et al. Long-term outcomes of urethroplasty with abdominal wall skin grafts. Urology. 2015;85(1):258\u201362.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"9","key":"833_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07763.x","volume":"102","author":"A O'Riordan","year":"2008","unstructured":"O\u2019Riordan A, Narahari R, Kumar V, Pickard R. Outcome of dorsal buccal graft urethroplasty for recurrent bulbar urethral strictures. BJU Int. 2008;102(9):1148\u201351.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"833_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.05.030","volume":"182","author":"Y-M Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu Y-M, Qiao Y, Sa Y-L, Zhang J, Fu Q, Song L-J. Urethral reconstruction using colonic mucosa graft for complex strictures. J Urol. 2009;182(3):1040\u20133.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"833_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)59332-5","volume":"115","author":"W Brannan","year":"1976","unstructured":"Brannan W, Ochsner MG, Fuselier HA, Goodlet JS. Free full thickness skin graft urethroplasty for urethral stricture: experience with 66 patients. J Urol. 1976;115(6):677\u201380.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"833_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44071-7","volume":"137","author":"PR Vyas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vyas PR, Roth DR, Perlmutter AD. Experience with free grafts in urethral reconstruction. J Urol. 1987;137(3):471\u20134.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"833_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05385_1.x","volume":"95","author":"AR Rao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rao AR, Shergill I, Thwaini A, Karim O, Motiwala H. Oral complications after buccal mucosal graft harvest for urethroplasty. BJU Int. 2005;95(4):679.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"833_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000132846.01144.9f","volume":"172","author":"DN Wood","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wood DN, Allen SE, Andrich DE, Greenwell TJ, Mundy AR. The morbidity of buccal mucosal graft harvest for urethroplasty and the effect of nonclosure of the graft harvest site on postoperative pain. J Urol. 2004;172(2):580\u20133.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"833_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.91","volume":"15","author":"A Mangera","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mangera A, Chapple CR. Tissue engineering in urethral reconstruction\u2014an update. Asian J Androl. 2013;15(1):89\u201392.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"4","key":"833_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-008-0316-6","volume":"26","author":"RP Dorin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dorin RP, Pohl HG, De Filippo RE, Yoo JJ, Atala A. Tubularized urethral replacement with unseeded matrices: what is the maximum distance for normal tissue regeneration? World J Urol. 2008;26(4):323\u20136.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"833_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.10.006","volume":"82\u201383","author":"NI Osman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Osman NI, Hillary C, Bullock AJ, MacNeil S, Chapple CR. Tissue engineered buccal mucosa for urethroplasty: progress and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015;82\u201383:69\u201376.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"833_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(95)90127-2","volume":"48","author":"R Kahveci","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kahveci R, Kahveci Z, Sirmali S, Ozcan M. Urethral reconstruction with autologous vein graft: an experimental study. Br J Plast Surg. 1995;48(7):500\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"833_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.08.030","volume":"83","author":"BS Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim BS, Kim HT, Kwon SY, et al. Nontransected ventral onlay-augmented urethroplasty using autologous SVG in a rabbit model of urethral stricture. Urology. 2014;83(1):225\u201331.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"833_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00368191","volume":"19","author":"W H\u00fcbner","year":"1991","unstructured":"H\u00fcbner W, Rurka I, Porpaczy P, Miko I. Autologous everted vein graft for repairing long-section urethral defects. Urol Res. 1991;19(2):131\u20134.","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"833_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-005-1627-y","volume":"22","author":"HR Foroutan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Foroutan HR, Khalili A, Geramizadeh B, Rasekhi AR, Tanideh N. Urethral reconstruction using autologous and everted vein graft: an experimental study. Pediatr Surg Int. 2006;22(3):259\u201362.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"833_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.08.009","volume":"69","author":"W Jia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jia W, Tang H, Wu J, et al. Urethral tissue regeneration using collagen scaffold modified with collagen binding VEGF in a beagle model. Biomaterials. 2015;69:45\u201355.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"8","key":"833_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM01911A","volume":"8","author":"Y Niu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Niu Y, Liu G, Chen C, et al. Urethral reconstruction using an amphiphilic tissue-engineered autologous polyurethane nanofiber scaffold with rapid vascularization function. Biomater Sci. 2020;8(8):2164\u201374.","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"833_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.07.041","volume":"63","author":"H Orabi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orabi H, AbouShwareb T, Zhang Y, Yoo JJ, Atala A. Cell-seeded tubularized scaffolds for reconstruction of long urethral defects: a preclinical study. Eur Urol. 2013;63(3):531\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"}],"container-title":["BMC Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-021-00833-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12894-021-00833-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-021-00833-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T06:03:20Z","timestamp":1618639400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12894-021-00833-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-021-00833-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-74278\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The beagles in this research were acquired from the Animal Research Center of Wannan Medical College. Ethics approval was taken from Animal Experimentation Ethics committee of Wannan Medical College in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"63"}}