{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:09:50Z","timestamp":1789495790373,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hypospadias is a relatively common genital anomaly in humans, usually followed by inelastic dartos that causes penile chordee. Vascular endothelial growth factor (<jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic>) is strongly linked to the viscoelasticity of tissues and their elastic phase. This study aimed to evaluate <jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic> expressions in (1) fascia dartos between hypospadias and controls and (2) chordee severity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This prospective cohort study involved 65 specimens from patients with hypospadias and ten specimens from controls. The samples were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for <jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic> expression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The expressions of <jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic> were not different between proximal and distal hypospadias patients and controls (fold change: distal \u2212\u00a00.25; fold change: proximal \u2212\u00a00.2; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.664). The scaled expressions related to chordee severity were mild \u2212\u00a00.1; moderate 0.1; severe \u2212\u00a00.25 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.660).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic> expressions might not affect the severity of hypospadias and chordee, implying the pathogenesis is complex involving many growth factors. Further study with a larger sample size is necessary to clarify and confirm our findings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-021-00930-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T15:02:41Z","timestamp":1638025361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expression of mRNA vascular endothelial growth factor in hypospadias patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Prahara","family":"Yuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Gunadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahmadani P.","family":"Lestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firly P.","family":"Fardilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishandono","family":"Dachlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"930_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2010.03.010","volume":"37","author":"N Kalfa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalfa N, Sultan C. 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Written informed consent was obtained from all parents for participating in this study. All methods were carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest concerning this article's research, authorship, and\/or publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"163"}}