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For both groups, patients were asked to provide urine samples before cystoscopy, either primary as part of the haematuria investigation or as a scheduled follow-up. Urine samples were sent anonymously for standard urine cytology and URO17\u00ae biomarker immunostaining. Results were compared to cystoscopic findings using Chi-square analysis and Fisher\u2019s exact test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Group I was formed of 98 patients, with an average age of 60 years. URO17\u00ae showed 100% sensitivity and 96.15% specificity with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100 and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.83. The results showed statistical significance with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001. Group II was formed of 51 patients, with an average age of 75 years. URO17\u00ae was shown to have a sensitivity of 85.71% and NPV of 95.45. Eleven patients of group II were on scheduled BacillusCalmette-Guerin (BCG) and another 5 received Mitomycin C (MMC). The overall results of both groups combined (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009149) showed statistical significance between flexible cystoscopy results and the results of urinary URO17\u00ae and urine cytology.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>URO17\u00ae has a potential to be a reliable test for diagnosis and follow up of urothelial cancer patients and a screening tool adjunct to flexible cystoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Not applicable as the current study is not a clinical trial, as per according to the National Institutes of Health, \u201cstudies that involve a comparison of methods and that do not evaluate the effect of the interventions on the participant do not meet the NIH clinical trial definition.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-024-01426-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T16:02:13Z","timestamp":1707494533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The role of URO17\u00ae in diagnosis and follow up of bladder cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Rabinowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aruni","family":"Ghose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samita","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Swamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Bulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirian","family":"Guttierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebtisam","family":"Buali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekram","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parag","family":"Jhavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Al-Hashimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Vasdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1426_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.005","volume":"103","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Dyba T, Randi G, Bettio M, et al. 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Integrated Research Application System (IRAS) Application 253585 submitted and national ethics\/protocol approval received (18\/EE\/0395) through NHS Health Research Authority (HRA) Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all the participants in the study. The current study was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"34"}}