{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:11:19Z","timestamp":1767665479259},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Rehabilitation Research Center Funds","award":["2023ZX-Q9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZX-Q9"]}]},{"name":"the Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["2022-1-6011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-1-6011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Urinary incontinence symptoms severely affect older people with different body mass index (BMI).To compare the efficacy of the pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in patients with post-prostatectomy incontinence with different BMI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-seven patients with post-prostatectomy incontinence were included. They were divided into group A (BMI\u2009\u2264\u200925,12), group B (26\u2009\u2264\u2009BMI\u2009\u2264\u200930,14), and group C (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200931,11) based on difference BMI. Three groups of patients underwent the same Pilates combined with kegel training. Participants were assessed with 1-hour pad test, the number of incontinence episodes, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire and Oxford Grading Scale.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the 1-hour pad test, the differences before and after training were statistically significant in all three groups of participants. Group A decreased from 81.83\u2009\u00b1\u20098.79 to 31.08\u2009\u00b1\u20095.64\u00a0g (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Group B decreased from 80.57\u2009\u00b1\u20098.87 to 35.85\u2009\u00b1\u20095.66\u00a0g (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Group C decreased from 83.55\u2009\u00b1\u200910.24 to 40.18\u2009\u00b1\u20097.01\u00a0g (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The number of incontinent episodes in group A decreased from 9.33\u2009\u00b1\u20091.07 to 3.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.62 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Group B decreased from 8.86\u2009\u00b1\u20091.09 to 3.79\u2009\u00b1\u20090.80 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Group C decreased from 9.27\u2009\u00b1\u20091.10 to 4.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The correlation between the three groups of participants and the 1-hour pad test, with an R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of 0.51. The correlation between the three groups of participants and the number of urinary incontinence episodes with a R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of 0.43.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pelvic floor muscle training can affect the recovery of urinary continence in patients with different BMI. Maintaining a lower BMI can be beneficial for improving urinary control.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Date of trial registration: November 27, 2023.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-024-01451-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T07:03:24Z","timestamp":1711609404000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Pilates combined with pelvic floor muscle training on continence of post-prostatectomy incontinence in patients with different body mass index"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huafang","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.06.004","volume":"48","author":"MT Filocamo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Filocamo MT, et al. Effectiveness of early pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment for post-prostatectomy incontinence. Eur Urol. 2005;48(5):734\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1451_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.04.021","volume":"54","author":"M Overg\u00e5rd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Overg\u00e5rd M, et al. Does Physiotherapist-guided pelvic floor muscle training reduce urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy? A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur Urol. 2008;54(2):438\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1451_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.02.025","volume":"181","author":"MV Kampen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kampen MV, et al. An easy prediction of urinary incontinence duration after Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy based on urine loss the First Day after Catheter Withdrawal. J Urol. 2009;181(6):2641\u20136.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1451_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.11.011","volume":"183","author":"KR Loughlin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loughlin KR, Prasad MM. Post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: a confluence of 3 factors. J Urol. 2010;183(3):871\u20137.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1451_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.10.029","volume":"55","author":"RM Bauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bauer RM, et al. Postprostatectomy incontinence: all about diagnosis and management. Eur Urol. 2009;55(2):322\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-020-00601-w","volume":"20","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, et al. Urinary continence outcomes of four years of follow-up and predictors of early and late urinary continence in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. BMC Urol. 2020;20(1):29.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-019-0546-5","volume":"19","author":"JE Milios","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milios JE, Ackland TR, Green DJ. Pelvic floor muscle training in radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial of the impacts on pelvic floor muscle function and urinary incontinence. BMC Urol. 2019;19(1):116.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1451_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.23.1995","volume":"280","author":"KL Burgio","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burgio KL, et al. Behavioral vs drug treatment for urge urinary incontinence in older women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;280(23):1995\u20132000.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"1451_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23442","volume":"37","author":"PJ Schluter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schluter PJ, Arnold EP, Jamieson HA. Falls and hip fractures associated with urinary incontinence among older men and women with complex needs: a national population study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(4):1336\u201343.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"12","key":"1451_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074311","volume":"358","author":"MG Sanda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanda MG, et al. Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(12):1250\u201361.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12359","volume":"113","author":"G John","year":"2014","unstructured":"John G, et al. Urinary incontinence as a marker of higher mortality in patients receiving home care services. BJU Int. 2014;113(1):113\u20139.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"1451_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.12.031","volume":"73","author":"AK Nambiar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nambiar AK, et al. EAU guidelines on Assessment and Nonsurgical Management of urinary incontinence. Eur Urol. 2018;73(4):596\u2013609.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1451_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23551","volume":"37","author":"P Abrams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abrams P, et al. 6th International Consultation on Incontinence. Recommendations of the International Scientific Committee: Evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and faecal incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(7):2271\u20132.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"7","key":"1451_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11451.x","volume":"110","author":"PS Goode","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goode PS. Efficacy of an assisted low-intensity programme of perioperative pelvic floor muscle training in improving the recovery of continence after radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial. BJU Int. 2012;110(7):1010\u20131.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1451_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-022-03423-x","volume":"55","author":"D An","year":"2023","unstructured":"An D, et al. Effect of different postures of Pilates combined with Kegel training on pelvic floor muscle strength in post-prostatectomy incontinence. Int Urol Nephrol. 2023;55(3):519\u201327.","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1451_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20232","volume":"26","author":"PW Hodges","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hodges PW, Sapsford R, Pengel LH. Postural and respiratory functions of the pelvic floor muscles. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(3):362\u201371.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.113905","volume":"309","author":"KM Flegal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Flegal KM, et al. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71\u201382.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.1.76","volume":"289","author":"AH Mokdad","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mokdad AH, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA. 2003;289(1):76\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"1451_CR19","first-page":"S2","volume":"182","author":"LL Subak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Subak LL, Richter HE, Hunskaar S. Obesity and urinary incontinence: epidemiology and clinical research update. J Urol. 2009;182(6 Suppl):S2\u20137.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920200008","volume":"13","author":"LL Subak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Subak LL, et al. Does weight loss improve incontinence in moderately obese women? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2002;13(1):40\u20133.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"5","key":"1451_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806375","volume":"360","author":"LL Subak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Subak LL, et al. Weight loss to treat urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(5):481\u201390.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1451_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21199","volume":"31","author":"Y Dubbelman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dubbelman Y, et al. Quantification of changes in detrusor function and pressure-flow parameters after radical prostatectomy: relation to postoperative continence status and the impact of intensity of pelvic floor muscle exercises. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31(5):637\u201341.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000162056.30326.83","volume":"174","author":"LL Subak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Subak LL, et al. Weight loss: a novel and effective treatment for urinary incontinence. J Urol. 2005;174(1):190\u20135.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1451_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J. and D. An, Effect of Internet combined with pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum urinary incontinence. International Urogynecology Journal, 2023.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05561-x"},{"key":"1451_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.04.057","volume":"155","author":"D An","year":"2021","unstructured":"An D, et al. Effects of Biofeedback Combined with Pilates Training on Post-prostatectomy Incontinence. Urology. 2021;155:152\u20139.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1451_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1972","volume":"305","author":"PS Goode","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goode PS, et al. Behavioral therapy with or without biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation for persistent postprostatectomy incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011;305(2):151\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9919","key":"1451_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61977-7","volume":"383","author":"S Hagen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hagen S, et al. Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POPPY): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014;383(9919):796\u2013806.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1451_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-7-2","volume":"7","author":"AR Smither","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smither AR, et al. Quantifying the natural history of post-radical prostatectomy incontinence using objective pad test data. BMC Urol. 2007;7:2.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-015-0088-4","volume":"15","author":"D Santa Mina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santa Mina D, et al. A pilot randomized trial of conventional versus advanced pelvic floor exercises to treat urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a study protocol. BMC Urol. 2015;15(1):94.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1451_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20389","volume":"26","author":"I Seckiner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seckiner I, et al. Correlations between the ICIQ-SF score and urodynamic findings. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(4):492\u20134.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"5","key":"1451_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.12.007","volume":"38","author":"PW Hodges","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hodges PW, et al. Reconsideration of pelvic floor muscle training to prevent and treat incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Urologic Oncology: Seminars Original Investigations. 2020;38(5):354\u201371.","journal-title":"Urologic Oncology: Seminars Original Investigations"},{"issue":"5","key":"1451_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2020.03.002","volume":"41","author":"MA McKay","year":"2020","unstructured":"McKay MA, Todd-Magel C, Copel L. Factors associated with the risk for falls in PACE participants. Geriatr Nurs. 2020;41(5):571\u20138.","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-015-0103-9","volume":"15","author":"M Stania","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stania M, et al. Bioelectrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles during synchronous whole-body vibration \u2013 a randomized controlled study. BMC Urol. 2015;15(1):107.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21178","volume":"31","author":"RE Stafford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stafford RE, et al. Activation of the striated urethral sphincter to maintain continence during dynamic tasks in healthy men. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31(1):36\u201343.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"5","key":"1451_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20700","volume":"28","author":"K B\u00f8","year":"2009","unstructured":"B\u00f8 K, et al. Evidence for benefit of transversus abdominis training alone or in combination with pelvic floor muscle training to treat female urinary incontinence: a systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn. 2009;28(5):368\u201373.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"1","key":"1451_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23308","volume":"37","author":"NT Dias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dias NT, et al. A pilates exercise program with pelvic floor muscle contraction: is it effective for pregnant women? A randomized controlled trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(1):379\u201384.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"}],"container-title":["BMC Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01451-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01451-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01451-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T07:05:52Z","timestamp":1711609552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01451-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01451-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China Rehabilitation Research Center (2023-041-01). All patients were given informed consent. All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"74"}}