{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:14:31Z","timestamp":1777641271317,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Rez\u016bm\u2122 is a relatively new bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) procedure that uses thermal energy through water vapour to cause necrosis of prostatic tissue. The standard delivery of this treatment is in an operating theatre under a general or spinal anaesthetic, or under local anaesthetic with sedation that requires patient monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We propose an outpatient daycase method of delivering Rez\u016bm\u2122 under local anaesthetic without sedation, using a prostatic local anaesthetic block and cold local anaesthetic gel instillation into the urethra.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Preliminary results of our first thirteen patients demonstrate the feasibility of this new technique, with a mean pain score of 2.1 out of 10 on a visual analogue scale, a successful trial without catheter in all 13 patients (one patient voided successfully on second trial), a reduction in mean International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) from 20.6 to 5.4, and improvement in maximum flow from 8.8\u00a0ml\/s to 14.4\u00a0ml\/s. The complications were minor (Clavien-Dindo less than III) and included a UTI, minor bleeding not requiring admission, and retrograde ejaculation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We demonstrate that an outpatient local anaesthetic daycase service without sedation is feasible. This can be delivered in a clinic setting, reduce waiting times for BOO surgery, and increase availability of operating theatre for other general anaesthetic urological procedures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-024-01471-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T13:01:49Z","timestamp":1712235709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Feasibility of outpatient daycase local anaesthestic Rez\u016bm\u2122 without sedation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Khadhouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Guillaumier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Drummond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Dreyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Clelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F Al","family":"Jaafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1471_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westwood J, Geraghty R, Jones P, Rai BP, Somani BK. Rezum: a new transurethral water vapour therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. https:\/\/doi.org\/101177\/1756287218793084 [Internet]. 2018 Aug 12 [cited 2023 Sep 9];10(11):327\u201333. https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1756287218793084.","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287218793084"},{"key":"1471_CR2","unstructured":"1 Recommendations. | Rezum for treating lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. [cited 2023 Sep 9]. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/mtg49\/chapter\/1-Recommendations."},{"key":"1471_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McVary KT, Rogers T, Roehrborn CG. Rez\u016bm Water Vapor Thermal Therapy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: 4-Year Results From Randomized Controlled Study. Urology [Internet]. 2019 Apr 1 [cited 2023 Sep 9];126:171\u20139. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30677455\/.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.12.041"},{"key":"1471_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolvj.2022.100154","volume":"14","author":"L Cindolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cindolo L, Campobasso D, Ferrari G, Cicione A, De Nunzio C. Expanding indications for Rezum procedure. Urol Video J. 2022;14:100154.","journal-title":"Urol Video J"},{"key":"1471_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siena G, Sessa F, Cindolo L. Use of a Schelin Catheter for analgesia during Rezum treatment of the prostate. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis [Internet]. 2024 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Mar 13];27(1):1. Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC9838278.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-023-00644-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"1471_CR6","first-page":"11355","volume":"29","author":"DS Elterman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elterman DS, Zorn KC, Bhojani N, Chughtai B. Efflcacy and safety of methoxyflurane (Penthrox) for pain control during water vapor thermal therapy (Rezum) for benign prostatic enlargement. Can J Urol. 2022;29(6):11355\u201360.","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"1471_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barry MJ, Fowler FJ, O\u2019Leary MP, Bruskewitz RC, Holtgrewe HL, Mebust WK et al. The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. J Urol [Internet]. 1992 [cited 2024 Feb 19];148(5):1549\u201357. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/1279218\/.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36966-5"},{"key":"1471_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, Lipsky J, Pe\u00f1 BM. Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2024 Feb 19];11(6):319\u201326. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10637462\/.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900472"}],"container-title":["BMC Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01471-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01471-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01471-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T13:02:31Z","timestamp":1712235751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01471-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01471-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"As per NHS Health Research Authority decision tool () this study comprises an audit and does not require ethical approval. As the data is anonymised and an audit, patient consent is not required as per NHS Health Research Authority. Local audit registration with NHS Fife Research and Development department.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Feras Al Jaafari: Proctor for Rezu\u016bmTM and received consultancy honoraria from Boston Scientific. The other authors do not have conflict of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"80"}}