{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:25:18Z","timestamp":1793057118522,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002560","name":"Soonchunhyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["This work was supported by Soonchunhyang University Research Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["This work was supported by Soonchunhyang University Research Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite the publication of several meta-analyses regarding the efficacy of certain therapies in helping individuals with interstitial cystitis (IC) \/ bladder pain syndrome (BPS), these have not provided a comprehensive review of therapeutic strategies. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of various therapies for IC\/BPS and identify potential moderating factors using randomized controlled trials (RCTs).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We queried the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases to identify prospective RCTs using inclusion criteria: 1) patients diagnosed with IC, 2) interventions included relevant treatments, 3) comparisons were a specified control or placebo, 4) outcomes were mean differences for individual symptoms and structured questionnaires. The pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) were performed to compare the treatments used in IC\/BPS. Hedges\u2019 <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used for improvement in all outcomes using random-effects models. Efficacy outcomes included individual symptoms such as pain, frequency, urgency, and nocturia, as well as structured questionnaires measuring IC\/BPS symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted which identified 70 RCTs with 3,651 patients. The analysis revealed that certain treatments, such as instillation and intravesical injection, showed statistically significant improvements in pain and urgency compared to control or placebo groups in traditional pairwise meta-analysis. However, no specific treatment demonstrated significant improvement in all outcomes measured in the NMA. The results of moderator analyses to explore influential variables indicated that increasing age was associated with increased nocturia, while longer follow-up periods were associated with decreased frequency.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis provide insights into the efficacy of various treatments for IC. Current research suggests that a combination of therapies may have a positive clinical outcome for patients with IC, despite the fact that treatment for this condition is not straightforward.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42022384024<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-024-01485-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T06:02:20Z","timestamp":1713938540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Current updates relating to treatment for interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jae Joon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Taek","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joey","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Ryul","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Heon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1485_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125704","volume":"187","author":"P Abrams","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, van Kerrebroeck P, Victor A, Wein A. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(1):116\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1485_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.064","volume":"185","author":"PM Hanno","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanno PM, Burks DA, Clemens JQ, Dmochowski RR, Erickson D, Fitzgerald MP, Forrest JB, Gordon B, Gray M, Mayer RD, et al. AUA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome. J Urol. 2011;185(6):2162\u201370.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1485_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.01.086","volume":"193","author":"PM Hanno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hanno PM, Erickson D, Moldwin R, Faraday MM. Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment. J Urol. 2015;193(5):1545\u201353.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1485_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14399","volume":"122","author":"S Malde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malde S, Palmisani S, Al-Kaisy A, Sahai A. Guideline of guidelines: bladder pain syndrome. BJU Int. 2018;122(5):729\u201343.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"1485_CR5","first-page":"998","volume":"199","author":"RA Pinto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pinto RA, Costa D, Morgado A, Pereira P, Charrua A, Silva J, Cruz F. Intratrigonal OnabotulinumtoxinA Improves Bladder Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Bladder Pain Syndrome\/Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot, Single Center, Randomized, Double-Blind. Placebo Controlled Trial J Urol. 2018;199(4):998\u20131003.","journal-title":"Placebo Controlled Trial. J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1485_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1457435","volume":"11","author":"T Ogawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ogawa T, Ishizuka O, Ueda T, Tyagi P, Chancellor MB, Yoshimura N. Pharmacological management of interstitial cystitis \/bladder pain syndrome and the role cyclosporine and other immunomodulating drugs play. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018;11(5):495\u2013505.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1485_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23900","volume":"38","author":"JJJ Wyndaele","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wyndaele JJJ, Riedl C, Taneja R, Lov\u00e1sz S, Ueda T, Cervigni M. GAG replenishment therapy for bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019;38(2):535\u201344.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"6","key":"1485_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(02)00174-4","volume":"41","author":"R Wammack","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wammack R, Remzi M, Seitz C, Djavan B, Marberger M. Efficacy of oral doxepin and piroxicam treatment for interstitial cystitis. Eur Urol. 2002;41(6):596\u2013600. discussion 601.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1485_CR9","first-page":"Cd013325","volume":"7","author":"M Imamura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Imamura M, Scott NW, Wallace SA, Ogah JA, Ford AA, Dubos YA, Brazzelli M. Interventions for treating people with symptoms of bladder pain syndrome: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;7(7):Cd013325.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1485_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04490-3","volume":"32","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu S, Zhang C, Peng L, Lu Y, Luo D. Comparative effectiveness and safety of intravesical instillation treatment of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Urogynecol J. 2021;32(5):1061\u201371.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"11","key":"1485_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","volume":"162","author":"B Hutton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hutton B, Salanti G, Caldwell DM, Chaimani A, Schmid CH, Cameron C, Ioannidis JP, Straus S, Thorlund K, Jansen JP, et al. The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(11):777\u201384.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1485_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7): e1000097.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1485_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13","volume":"5","author":"SP Hozo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I. Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2005;5:13.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1485_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1164","volume":"7","author":"AA Veroniki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veroniki AA, Jackson D, Viechtbauer W, Bender R, Bowden J, Knapp G, Kuss O, Higgins JP, Langan D, Salanti G. Methods to estimate the between-study variance and its uncertainty in meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2016;7(1):55\u201379.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"1485_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019013","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2019013","volume":"41","author":"SR Shim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shim SR, Kim SJ, Lee J, R\u00fccker G. Network meta-analysis: application and practice using R software. Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019013.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1485_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016","volume":"64","author":"G Salanti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salanti G, Ades AE, Ioannidis JP. Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(2):163\u201371.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1485_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019008","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2019008","volume":"41","author":"SR Shim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shim SR, Kim SJ. Intervention meta-analysis: application and practice using R software. Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019008.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"1485_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. Bmj. 2019;366:l4898.","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"1485_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1109","volume":"69","author":"GR Sant","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sant GR, Kempuraj D, Marchand JE, Theoharides TC. The mast cell in interstitial cystitis: role in pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Urology. 2007;69(4 Suppl):34\u201340.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1485_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urols.2013.01.005","volume":"24","author":"C-Y Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu C-Y, Chen IH, Tong Y-C. Long-term treatment outcomes in patients with interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome: 10-year experience in NCKUH. Urological Science. 2013;24(1):10\u20133.","journal-title":"Urological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"1485_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23421","volume":"37","author":"LC McKernan","year":"2018","unstructured":"McKernan LC, Walsh CG, Reynolds WS, Crofford LJ, Dmochowski RR, Williams DA. Psychosocial co-morbidities in Interstitial Cystitis\/Bladder Pain syndrome (IC\/BPS): A systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(3):926\u201341.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"7","key":"1485_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24104","volume":"38","author":"HL Yeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeh HL, Jhang JF, Kuo YC, Kuo HC. Long-term outcome and symptom improvement in patients with interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome with or without regular follow-up and treatment. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019;38(7):1985\u201393.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"1485_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628722211028","DOI":"10.1177\/17562872221102809","volume":"14","author":"B Grigoryan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grigoryan B, Kasyan G, Pivazyan L, Pushkar D. Pentosan polysulfate in patients with bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis with Hunner\u2019s lesions or glomerulations: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Urol. 2022;14:17562872221102808.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"1485_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Panunzio A, Tafuri A, Mazzucato G, Cerrato C, Orlando R, Pagliarulo V, Antonelli A, Cerruto MA. Botulinum Toxin-A Injection in Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Treatment: A Systematic Review and Pooled Meta-Analysis. Toxins (Basel). 2022;14(1):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14010025.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14010025"},{"issue":"10","key":"1485_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076779","volume":"8","author":"YH Jiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jiang YH, Peng CH, Liu HT, Kuo HC. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein and nerve growth factor expressions in serum of patients with interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e76779.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"1485_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64750-7","volume":"168","author":"RA Batler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Batler RA, Sengupta S, Forrestal SG, Schaeffer AJ, Klumpp DJ. Mast cell activation triggers a urothelial inflammatory response mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Urol. 2002;168(2):819\u201325.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1485_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.10.036","volume":"177","author":"W Boucher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boucher W, Kempuraj D, Cao J, Papaliodis D, Theoharides TC. Intravesical suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T) inhibits experimental bladder inflammation. J Urol. 2007;177(3):1186\u201390.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1485_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000143192.68223.f7","volume":"173","author":"RR Gonzalez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gonzalez RR, Fong T, Belmar N, Saban M, Felsen D, Te A. Modulating bladder neuro-inflammation: RDP58, a novel anti-inflammatory peptide, decreases inflammation and nerve growth factor production in experimental cystitis. J Urol. 2005;173(2):630\u20134.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1485_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.06.038","volume":"191","author":"PC Bosch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bosch PC. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of adalimumab for interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome. J Urol. 2014;191(1):77\u201382.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1485_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.07.026","volume":"74","author":"PC Bosch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bosch PC. A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Certolizumab Pegol in Women with Refractory Interstitial Cystitis\/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Eur Urol. 2018;74(5):623\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1485_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00575-1","volume":"78","author":"N Dmitrieva","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dmitrieva N, Shelton D, Rice AS, McMahon SB. The role of nerve growth factor in a model of visceral inflammation. Neuroscience. 1997;78(2):449\u201359.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1485_CR32","first-page":"47","volume":"16","author":"I Mykoniatis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mykoniatis I, Tsiakaras S, Samarinas M, Anastasiadis A, Symeonidis EN, Sountoulides P. Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for the Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis. Biologics. 2022;16:47\u201355.","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"issue":"8","key":"1485_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.05.006","volume":"13","author":"MT Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown MT, Murphy FT, Radin DM, Davignon I, Smith MD, West CR. Tanezumab reduces osteoarthritic knee pain: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. J Pain. 2012;13(8):790\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"1485_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.05.003","volume":"152","author":"N Katz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katz N, Borenstein DG, Birbara C, Bramson C, Nemeth MA, Smith MD, Brown MT. Efficacy and safety of tanezumab in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Pain. 2011;152(10):2248\u201358.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1485_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720x2110676","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X211067639","volume":"14","author":"D Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao D, Luo MH, Pan JK, Zeng LF, Liang GH, Han YH, Liu J, Yang WY. Based on minimal clinically important difference values, a moderate dose of tanezumab may be a better option for treating hip or knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2022;14:1759720x211067639.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1485_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.12.088","volume":"185","author":"RJ Evans","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evans RJ, Moldwin RM, Cossons N, Darekar A, Mills IW, Scholfield D. Proof of concept trial of tanezumab for the treatment of symptoms associated with interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2011;185(5):1716\u201321.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1485_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-016-0193-z","volume":"17","author":"H Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang H, Russell LJ, Kelly KM, Wang S, Thipphawong J. Fulranumab in patients with interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome: observations from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Urol. 2017;17(1):2.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"1485_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.02.053","volume":"106","author":"H Oh-Oka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oh-Oka H. Clinical Efficacy of 1-Year Intensive Systematic Dietary Manipulation as Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies on Female Patients With Interstitial Cystitis\/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Urology. 2017;106:50\u20134.","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["BMC Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01485-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01485-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01485-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T06:05:35Z","timestamp":1713938735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01485-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01485-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42022384024).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"95"}}