{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:16:25Z","timestamp":1787728585841,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-025-01698-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T16:47:50Z","timestamp":1737650870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between Chinese visceral adiposity index and lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS\/BPH): a national cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kunhui","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2020.1781806","volume":"23","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Qin F, Yuan J. The prevalence and associated factors of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging males. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):1432\u20139.","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.01174.x","volume":"61","author":"V Morris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morris V, Wagg A. Lower urinary tract symptoms, incontinence and falls in elderly people: time for an intervention study. Int J Clin Pract. 2007;61(2):320\u20133.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"1698_CR3","first-page":"S102","volume":"189","author":"JK Parsons","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parsons JK, Sarma AV, McVary K, Wei JT. Obesity and benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical connections, emerging etiological paradigms and future directions. J Urol. 2013;189(1 Suppl):S102\u20136.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1698_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100740","volume":"32","author":"M N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2021","unstructured":"N\u00f8rgaard M, Horv\u00e1th-Puh\u00f3 E, Corraini P, S\u00f8rensen HT, Henderson VW. Sleep disruption and Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk: Inferences from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;32: 100740.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001561","volume":"205","author":"A Lusty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lusty A, Siemens DR, Tohidi M, Whitehead M, Tranmer J, Nickel JC. Cardiac Failure Associated with Medical Therapy of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Population Based Study. J Urol. 2021;205(5):1430\u20137.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-024-05332-3","volume":"42","author":"JG Porto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Porto JG, Bhatia AM, Bhat A, Suarez Arbelaez MC, Blachman-Braun R, Shah K, et al. Evaluating transurethral resection of the prostate over twenty years: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. World J Urol. 2024;42(1):639.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1698_CR7","first-page":"209","volume":"15","author":"M Sarier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sarier M, Duman I, Kilic S, Yuksel Y, Demir M, Aslan M, et al. Comparative Results of Transurethral Incision with Transurethral Resection of The Prostate in Renal Transplant Recipients with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Urol J. 2018;15(4):209\u201313.","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000004297","volume":"213","author":"T Benzouak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Benzouak T, Addar A, Prudencio-Brunello MA, Saed Aldien A, Amougou SE, AlShammari A, et al. Comparative Analysis of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate and Robotic-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Urol. 2025;213(2):150\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000004297.","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"22","key":"1698_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5465","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15225465","volume":"15","author":"D Pardo-Rodriguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pardo-Rodriguez D, Santamar\u00eda-Torres M, Salinas A, Jim\u00e9nez-Charris E, Mosquera M, Cala MP, et al. Unveiling Disrupted Lipid Metabolism in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, Prostate Cancer, and Metastatic Patients: Insights from a Colombian Nested Case-Control Study. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(22):5465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15225465.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12728","volume":"115","author":"M Gacci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gacci M, Corona G, Vignozzi L, Salvi M, Serni S, De Nunzio C, et al. Metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic enlargement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2015;115(1):24\u201331.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.01.013","volume":"30","author":"Z Bagyura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagyura Z, Kiss L, Lux \u00c1, Csobay-Nov\u00e1k C, Jermendy \u00c1L, Polg\u00e1r L, et al. Association between coronary atherosclerosis and visceral adiposity index. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;30(5):796\u2013803.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1698_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23962","volume":"80","author":"BW Xia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xia BW, Zhao SC, Chen ZP, Chen C, Liu TS, Yang F, et al. The underlying mechanism of metabolic syndrome on benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate volume. Prostate. 2020;80(6):481\u201390.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"1698_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-015-0089-1","volume":"7","author":"A Ry\u0142","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ry\u0142 A, Rotter I, Miazgowski T, S\u0142ojewski M, Do\u0142\u0119gowska B, Lubkowska A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia: association or coincidence? Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2015;7:94.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2020.1771552","volume":"23","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Peng L, Cao D, Gou H, Li Y, Wei Q. The association between metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):1388\u201399.","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"9","key":"1698_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23809","volume":"79","author":"LM Aaron-Brooks","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aaron-Brooks LM, Sasaki T, Vickman RE, Wei L, Franco OE, Ji Y, et al. Hyperglycemia and T Cell infiltration are associated with stromal and epithelial prostatic hyperplasia in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Prostate. 2019;79(9):980\u201393.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14580","volume":"59","author":"A Domos\u0142awska-Wyderska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Domos\u0142awska-Wyderska A, Zdu\u0144czyk S, Rafalska A. Potential role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia in male dogs. Reprod Domest Anim. 2024;59(5): e14580.","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10901","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61592-4","volume":"14","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wang Y, Li Y, Gui J, Mei Y, Yang X, et al. Optimal obesity- and lipid-related indices for predicting type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):10901.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1698_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38214","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38214","volume":"6","author":"MF Xia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xia MF, Chen Y, Lin HD, Ma H, Li XM, Aleteng Q, et al. A indicator of visceral adipose dysfunction to evaluate metabolic health in adult Chinese. Sci Rep. 2016;6:38214.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","volume":"43","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Hu Y, Smith JP, Strauss J, Yang G. Cohort profile: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(1):61\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18618-3","volume":"24","author":"Z Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie Z, Liu X, Hu Z, Dong C. Longitudinal association between the dynamic nature of depression with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS\/BPH). BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1121.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/09637480500195066","volume":"56","author":"M Ashwell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ashwell M, Hsieh SD. Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2005;56(5):303\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1698_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0034","volume":"6","author":"LE Simental-Mend\u00eda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simental-Mend\u00eda LE, Rodr\u00edguez-Mor\u00e1n M, Guerrero-Romero F. The product of fasting glucose and triglycerides as surrogate for identifying insulin resistance in apparently healthy subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2008;6(4):299\u2013304.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"1698_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.83","volume":"66","author":"C Xia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xia C, Li R, Zhang S, Gong L, Ren W, Wang Z, et al. Lipid accumulation product is a powerful index for recognizing insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66(9):1035\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1698_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1825","volume":"33","author":"MC Amato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amato MC, Giordano C, Galia M, Criscimanna A, Vitabile S, Midiri M, et al. Visceral Adiposity Index: a reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(4):920\u20132.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"1698_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039504","volume":"7","author":"NY Krakauer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krakauer NY, Krakauer JC. A new body shape index predicts mortality hazard independently of body mass index. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7): e39504.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"1698_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_12_21","volume":"23","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Zhang YC, Jin T, Qin F, Yuan JH. Depressive males have higher odds of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching. Asian J Androl. 2021;23(6):633\u20139.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"1698_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9297","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S342512","volume":"14","author":"L Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang L, Chen X, Liu Z, Sun W, Yu D, Tang H, et al. The Impact of Illness Perceptions on Depressive Symptoms Among Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptom. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:9297\u2013306.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01332.x","volume":"163","author":"S Ventura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ventura S, Oliver V, White CW, Xie JH, Haynes JM, Exintaris B. Novel drug targets for the pharmacotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Br J Pharmacol. 2011;163(5):891\u2013907.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12420","volume":"14","author":"W Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen W, Man S, Wang B, Kadeerhan G, Huang X. Metabolically healthy obesity is associated with increased risk of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A cohort study of Chinese elderly males. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2022;14(3):170\u20137.","journal-title":"Low Urin Tract Symptoms"},{"key":"1698_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meng J, Liu Y, Guan SY, Ma H, Zhang X, Fan S, et al. Age, height, BMI and FBG predict prostate volume in ageing benign prostatic hyperplasia: Evidence from 5285 patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2019:e13438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijcp.13438.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13438"},{"key":"1698_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4250793","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4250793","volume":"2020","author":"MQ Alshamiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alshamiri MQ, Mohd AHF, Al-Qahtani SS, Alghalayini KA, Al-Qattan OM, El-Shaer F. Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Compared to Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in a Single Center from Saudi Arabia. Cardiol Res Pract. 2020;2020:4250793.","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"1698_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.027","volume":"62","author":"KA Britton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Britton KA, Massaro JM, Murabito JM, Kreger BE, Hoffmann U, Fox CS. Body fat distribution, incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(10):921\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1698_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4173","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01113","volume":"102","author":"M Mongraw-Chaffin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mongraw-Chaffin M, Allison MA, Burke GL, Criqui MH, Matsushita K, Ouyang P, et al. CT-Derived Body Fat Distribution and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(11):4173\u201383.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"1698_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30084-1","volume":"7","author":"IJ Neeland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neeland IJ, Ross R, Despr\u00e9s JP, Matsuzawa Y, Yamashita S, Shai I, et al. Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(9):715\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"1698_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381949","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1381949","volume":"15","author":"X Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye X, Zhang G, Han C, Wang P, Lu J, Zhang M. The association between Chinese visceral adiposity index and cardiometabolic multimorbidity among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a national cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1381949.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1698_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/48120","volume":"10","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen J, Li YT, Niu Z, He Z, Xie YJ, Hernandez J, et al. Association of Visceral Obesity Indices With Incident Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Diabetes: Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024;10: e48120.","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202249","volume":"25","author":"MJ Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang MJ, Yang YY, Chen C, Luo RX, Wen CQ, Li Y, et al. Comparison of the predictive value of anthropometric indicators for the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia in southern China. Asian J Androl. 2023;25(2):265\u201370.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2017.1365833","volume":"21","author":"H Besiroglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Besiroglu H, Ozbek E, Dursun M, Otunctemur A. Visceral adiposity index is associated with benign prostatic enlargement in non-diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study. Aging Male. 2018;21(1):40\u20137.","journal-title":"Aging Male"}],"container-title":["BMC Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01698-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01698-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01698-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T16:47:52Z","timestamp":1737650872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01698-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01698-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The studies involving humans were approved by Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University. The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15"}}