{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:56:09Z","timestamp":1790621769090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Urol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Optilume and Optilume BPH, a minimally invasive drug-coated balloon (DCB) combining mechanical dilation with paclitaxel delivery, offers a novel approach for treating urethral strictures and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) respectively. This scoping review summarizes current evidence on their efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes to evaluate their role in reducing recurrence and improving patient-reported and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search (Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus) until March 2025 identified 287 studies. Eligibility followed PICOS criteria, excluding non-English articles, reviews, and case reports. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2 and MINORS tools. Data extraction focused on anatomical success, symptom improvement, complications, and retreatment rates. This review was registered at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/vf4dw\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/osf.io\/vf4dw<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After screening, 20 studies met inclusion criteria: 2 preclinical animal studies, 12 clinical studies on urethral strictures, and 6 on BPH. For urethral strictures, the ROBUST trials demonstrated 71.7% freedom from reintervention at 5 years, with sustained improvements in peak flow rate (Qmax: 5.0 to 19.9 mL\/s) and IPSS (25.2 to 7.2). In BPH, the PINNACLE trial reported a 67.5% responder rate (\u2265\u200930% IPSS improvement) at 2 years, with IPSS reduced from 23.4 to 11.0. Qmax improved from 8.9 to 19.0 mL\/s, and sexual function (IIEF scores) remained stable. Safety profiles were favorable, with transient hematuria (15\u201339.8%) and no severe complications. Cost analyses indicated potential savings due to reduced retreatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Optilume provides significant symptom relief for BPH and urethral strictures, with low recurrence rates and preserved sexual function. Its minimally invasive nature, combined with targeted drug delivery, positions it as a promising alternative to traditional surgeries. Further research is needed to expand indications and validate long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness across diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-025-01896-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T06:22:09Z","timestamp":1754720529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Optilume, a minimally invasive solution for BPH and urethral stricture: what we know, what we need? an EAU endourology scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3740-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineet","family":"Gauhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9956-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffi Kar Kei","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6255-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nariman","family":"Gadzhiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6835-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Wroclawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4209-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo Maria","family":"Pirola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5242-0651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ee Jean","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-7040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Cormio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9934-4011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Giulioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Cafarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Enikeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9361-2342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy Yuen Chun","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Elterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7354-9190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Castellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2017.0935","volume":"32","author":"D Barbalias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbalias D, Lappas G, Ravazoula P, et al. Evaluation of the distribution of Paclitaxel after application of a Paclitaxel-Coated balloon in the rabbit urethra. J Endourol. 2018;32(5):381\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/end.2017.0935.","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2024.0318","volume":"38","author":"Z Alhamdani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alhamdani Z, Ong S, Zhong W, Chin P. Optilume((R)) Drug-Coated balloon May lower the Re-Treatment rate postintervention for challenging urethral stricture disease in Long-Term Follow-Up: A prospective cohort study. J Endourol. 2024;38(11):1192\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/end.2024.0318.","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.241","volume":"4","author":"L Kelly","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kelly L, Shore J, Wright J, Patrick C, Holmes H. Economic evaluation of optilume, a drug-coated balloon for recurrent anterior male urethral stricture. BJUI Compass. 2023;4(4):430\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bco2.241.","journal-title":"BJUI Compass"},{"issue":"7","key":"1896_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-0850.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1896_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovic J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"1896_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","volume":"73","author":"K Slim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Slim K, Nini E, Forestier D, et al. Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument. ANZ J Surg. 2003;73(9):712\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x.","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12248","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2024.12248","volume":"96","author":"K Pagonis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pagonis K, Peteinaris A, Adamou C, et al. Minimal invasive treatment of urethral strictures: an experimental study of the effect of Paclitaxel coated balloons in the wall of strictured rabbit\u2019s urethra. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2024;96(1):12248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/aiua.2024.12248.","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"key":"1896_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2147\/RRU.S359872","volume":"14","author":"R Virasoro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Virasoro R, DeLong JM, Estrella RE, et al. A Drug-Coated balloon treatment for urethral stricture disease: Three-Year results from the ROBUST I study. Res Rep Urol. 2022;14:177\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RRU.S359872.","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuroe.2024.10.003","volume":"49","author":"C Ballesteros Ruiz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ballesteros Ruiz C, Campos-Juanatey F, Povo Martin I, et al. Efficacy and safety of Optilume(R) paclitaxel-coated urethral dilatation balloon in real-life: experience in a Spanish multicenter study. Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed). 2025;49(1):80\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acuroe.2024.10.003.","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000004229","volume":"213","author":"J DeLong","year":"2025","unstructured":"DeLong J, Virasoro R, Pichardo M, et al. Long-Term outcomes of recurrent bulbar urethral stricture treatment with the optilume Drug-Coated balloon: Five-Year results from the ROBUST I study. J Urol. 2025;213(1):90\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000004229.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.6661","volume":"15","author":"RA Mann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mann RA, Virasoro R, DeLong JM, et al. A drug-coated balloon treatment for urethral stricture disease: Two-year results from the ROBUST I study. Can Urol Assoc J. 2021;15(2):20\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5489\/cuaj.6661.","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.6323","volume":"14","author":"R Virasoro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Virasoro R, DeLong JM, Mann RA, et al. A drug-coated balloon treatment for urethral stricture disease: interim results from the ROBUST I study. Can Urol Assoc J. 2020;14(6):187\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5489\/cuaj.6323.","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs020241881","volume":"18","author":"S Noor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noor S, Abdullah A, Uroos SU, et al. Outcomes of optilume balloon dilatation in patient with urethral stricture. Pakistan J Med Health Sci. 2024;18(8):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53350\/pjmhs020241881.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Health Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002346","volume":"207","author":"SP Elliott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elliott SP, Coutinho K, Robertson KJ, et al. One-Year results for the ROBUST III randomized controlled trial evaluating the Optilume((R)) Drug-Coated balloon for anterior urethral strictures. J Urol. 2022;207(4):866\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000002346.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.312","volume":"5","author":"ME VanDyke","year":"2024","unstructured":"VanDyke ME, Morey AF, Coutinho K, et al. Optilume drug-coated balloon for anterior urethral stricture: 2-year results of the ROBUST III trial. BJUI Compass. 2024;5(3):366\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bco2.312.","journal-title":"BJUI Compass"},{"key":"1896_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628722413125","DOI":"10.1177\/17562872241312522","volume":"17","author":"M VanDyke","year":"2025","unstructured":"VanDyke M, Joshi E, Ceballos B, et al. Efficacy of the optilume Paclitaxel drug-coated balloon after urethroplasty: short-term results from a multicenter study. Ther Adv Urol. 2025;17:17562872241312522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562872241312522.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-24-104","volume":"13","author":"AK Mahenthiran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahenthiran AK, Burns RT, Soyster ME, et al. A single-institution experience with the optilume urethral drug coated balloon for management of urethral stricture disease. Transl Androl Urol. 2024;13(8):1498\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau-24-104.","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdae206","volume":"22","author":"O Copelan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Copelan O, Moss J, Freedman S, et al. Preservation of sexual function with Optilume-a novel treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Sex Med. 2025;22(3):446\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdae206.","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003568","volume":"210","author":"SA Kaplan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaplan SA, Moss J, Freedman S, et al. The PINNACLE study: A Double-blind, randomized, Sham-controlled study evaluating the optilume BPH catheter system for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2023;210(3):500\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000003568.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-021-00362-z","volume":"24","author":"SA Kaplan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaplan SA, Pichardo M, Rijo E, et al. One-year outcomes after treatment with a drug-coated balloon catheter system for lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021;24(4):1073\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-021-00362-z.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-023-04473-1","volume":"41","author":"M Pichardo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pichardo M, Rijo E, Espino G, et al. Durable benefit after treatment of obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia with a novel drug-device combination product: 2-year outcomes from the EVEREST-I study. World J Urol. 2023;41(8):2209\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-023-04473-1.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00833-z","volume":"27","author":"SA Kaplan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaplan SA, Moss JL, Freedman SJ. Two-year long-term follow-up of treatment with the optilume BPH catheter system in a randomized controlled trial for benign prostatic hyperplasia (The PINNACLE Study). Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2024;27(3):531\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-024-00833-z.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E319","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.8737","volume":"18","author":"SA Kaplan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaplan SA, Pichardo M, Rijo E, et al. Long-term outcomes after treatment with optilume BPH Four-year results from the EVEREST study. Can Urol Assoc J. 2024;18(11):E319\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5489\/cuaj.8737.","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1683-4","volume":"30","author":"Y Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Y, Yu B, Sun D, Wu Y, Xiao Y. The dose-dependence biological effect of laser fluence on rabbit fibroblasts derived from urethral Scar. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30(3):1019\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-014-1683-4.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"1896_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628722092799","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287220927994","volume":"12","author":"W Kurniawan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kurniawan W, Soesatyo M, Aryandono T. The effects of docetaxel and\/or Captopril in expression of TGF-beta1, MMP-1, CTGF, and PAI-1 as markers of anterior urethral stricture in an animal model. Ther Adv Urol. 2020;12:1756287220927994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756287220927994.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.03.55","volume":"6","author":"DB Bayne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bayne DB, Gaither TW, Awad MA, et al. Guidelines of guidelines: a review of urethral stricture evaluation, management, and follow-up. Transl Androl Urol. 2017;6(2):288\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau.2017.03.55.","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.48083\/MLXK5817","volume":"3","author":"JM DeLong","year":"2022","unstructured":"DeLong JM, Ehlert MJ, Erickson BA, Robertson KJ, Virasoro R, Elliott SP. One-Year outcomes of the ROBUST II study evaluating the use of a Drug-Coated balloon for treatment of urethral stricture. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Int d\u2019Urologie J. 2022;3(1):21\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48083\/MLXK5817.","journal-title":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Int d\u2019Urologie J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-023-00700-3","volume":"27","author":"S Gravas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gravas S, Malde S, Cornu JN, et al. From BPH to male LUTS: a 20-year journey of the EAU guidelines. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2024;27(1):48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-023-00700-3.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR29","first-page":"7772","volume":"22","author":"CG Roehrborn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roehrborn CG, Rukstalis DB, Barkin J, et al. Three year results of the prostatic urethral L.I.F.T. Study. Can J Urol. 2015;22(3):7772\u201382.","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"1896_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.10.023","volume":"111","author":"KT McVary","year":"2018","unstructured":"McVary KT, Roehrborn CG. Three-Year outcomes of the prospective, randomized controlled Rezum system study: convective radiofrequency thermal therapy for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2018;111:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2017.10.023.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"1896_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.03.013","author":"M Oszczudlowski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oszczudlowski M, Bialek L, Vetterlein MW, Trauma, Reconstructive Urology Working Party of the European Association of Urology Young Academic U. Paclitaxel-coated balloon dilation for urethral stricture disease: 5 years of clinical insights and future directions for optilume. Eur Urol Focus. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2025.03.013.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61040700","volume":"61","author":"LA Jelisejevas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jelisejevas LA, Rehder P, Wassermann J, Kink P, Tulchiner G. Optilume Drug-Coated balloon for acute urinary retention after failed treatment for complex recurrent urethral stricture disease. Medicina. 2025;61(4):700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina61040700.","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"1896_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2021.101987","volume":"41","author":"J Stuehmeier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stuehmeier J, Jelisejevas LA, Kink P, et al. Optilume(R) drug-coated balloon dilation in complex female urethral stricture. Urol Case Rep. 2022;41:101987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eucr.2021.101987.","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01896-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01896-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01896-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T06:22:10Z","timestamp":1754720530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01896-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-025-01896-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Ethics approval is not required in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"196"}}