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Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI) is causing embryonic lethality, the most common of them. Despite that<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>-borne sterility has been proposed as an environmental friendly pest control method (Incompatible Insect Technique, IIT) since 1970s, the fact that<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>modifies important fitness components of its hosts sets severe barriers to IIT implementation. Mass rearing of Mediterranean fruit fly,<jats:italic>Ceratitis capitata<\/jats:italic>(medfly), is highly optimized given that this pest is a model species regarding the implementation of another sterility based pest control method, the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). We used the medfly-<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>symbiotic association, as a model system, to study the effect of two different<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>strains, on the life history traits of 2<jats:italic>C. capitata<\/jats:italic>lines with different genomic background.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>effects are regulated by both<jats:italic>C. capitata<\/jats:italic>genetic background and the<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>strain.<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>infection reduces fertility rates in both<jats:italic>C. capitata<\/jats:italic>genetic backgrounds and shortens the pre-pupa developmental duration in the GSS strain. On the other hand, regardless of the strain of<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Cer2,<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Cer4) infection does not affect either the sex ratio or the longevity of adults.<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Cer4 infection imposed a reduction in females\u2019 fecundity but<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Cer2 did not. Male mating competitiveness, adults flight ability and longevity under water and food deprivation were affected by both the genetic background of medfly and the strain of<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>(genotype by genotype interaction).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>infection could alter important life history traits of mass-reared<jats:italic>C. capitata<\/jats:italic>lines and therefore the response of each genotype on the<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>infection should be considered toward ensuring the productivity of the<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>-infected insects under mass-rearing conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-019-0586-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T01:02:32Z","timestamp":1576630952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Medfly-Wolbachia symbiosis: genotype x genotype interactions determine host\u2019s life history traits under mass rearing conditions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Georgios A.","family":"Kyritsis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios A.","family":"Augustinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Livadaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostas","family":"Bourtzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos T.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"586_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000022666","volume":"28","author":"M Hertig","year":"1936","unstructured":"Hertig M. 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