{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T14:36:12Z","timestamp":1792506972986,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-015-0044-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T12:53:08Z","timestamp":1441803188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Geographic patterns in patient demographics and insulin use in 18 countries, a global perspective from the multinational observational study assessing insulin use: understanding the challenges associated with progression of therapy (MOSAIc)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Polinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seoyoung C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingfeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hassoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Shrank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Cos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efra\u00edn","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Vigil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuro","family":"Matsuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Seeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Eddings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Brill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley H.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"44_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047","volume":"27","author":"S Wild","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(5):1047\u201353.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"44_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00253739","volume":"23","author":"RA Bacchus","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bacchus RA, Bell JL, Madkour M, Kilshaw B. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in male Saudi Arabs. Diabetologia. 1982;23:330\u20132.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"44_CR3","first-page":"1603","volume":"25","author":"MM Al-Nozha","year":"2004","unstructured":"Al-Nozha MM, Al-Maatouq MA, Al-Mazrou YY, et al. Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2004;25:1603\u201310.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"44_CR4","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2013","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2013. Available from: www.idf.org\/diabetesatlas ."},{"key":"44_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0413","volume":"35","author":"SE Inzucchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia inType2 Diabetes: A Patient-Centered Approach Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diab Care. 2012;35:1364\u201379.","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"44_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.9.2130","volume":"28","author":"G Roglic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roglic G, Unwin N, Bennett PH, Mathers C, Tuomilehto J, Nag S, et al. The burden of mortality attributable to diabetes: realistic estimates for the year 2000. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(9):2130\u20135.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"44_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Diabetes Programme 2011 [September 13, 2011]. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/diabetes\/facts\/en\/ ."},{"key":"44_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-9017","volume":"31","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2008","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2007. Diab Care. 2008;31:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"44_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A114","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-S015","volume":"55","author":"S Gough","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gough S, Frandsen KB, Toft AD. Failure of insulin monotherapy in patients with type II diabetes: a population-based study. Diabet. 2006;55:A114. 447-P.","journal-title":"Diabet"},{"key":"44_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.2.337","volume":"28","author":"RW Grant","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grant RW, Buse JB, Meigs JB. Quality of diabetes care in U.S. academic medical centers: low rates of medical regimen change. Diab Care. 2005;28:337\u2013442.","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"44_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.06.010","volume":"81","author":"S Guler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guler S, Vaz JA, Ligthelm R. Intensification lessons with modern premixes: from clinical trial to clinical practice. Diab Res Clin Practice. 2008;81 Suppl 1:S23\u201330.","journal-title":"Diab Res Clin Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"44_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.5.698","volume":"20","author":"IM El-Kebbi","year":"1997","unstructured":"El-Kebbi IM, Ziemer DC, Musey VC, Gallina DL, Bernard AM, Phillips LS. Diabetes in urban African-Americans. IX. Provider adherence to management protocols. Diab Care. 1997;20(5):698\u2013703.","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"44_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050100","volume":"353","author":"L Osterberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(5):487\u201397.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"44_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.11.2673","volume":"28","author":"M Peyrot","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peyrot M, Rubin RR, Lauritzen T, Skovlund SE, Snoek FJ, Matthews DR, et al. Resistance to insulin therapy among patients and providers: results of the cross-national Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) study. Diab Care. 2003;28:2673\u20139.","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"44_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802173","volume":"26","author":"M Korytkowski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Korytkowski M. When oral agents fail: practical barriers to starting insulin. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:S18\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"44_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.6.369","volume":"93","author":"TM Wallace","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wallace TM, Matthews DR. Poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a conspiracy of disease, suboptimal therapy and attitude. Q J Med. 2000;93:369\u201374.","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"44_CR17","first-page":"571","volume":"33","author":"KA Phillips","year":"1998","unstructured":"Phillips KA, Morrison KR, Andersen R, Aday LA. Understanding the context of healthcare utilization: assessing environmental and provider-related variables in the behavioral model of utilization. Health Serv Res. 1998;33(3 Pt 1):571\u201396.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"44_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.0117.x","volume":"20","author":"S Vijan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vijan S, Hayward RA, Ronis DL, Hofer TP. Brief report: the burden of diabetes therapy: implications for the design of effective patient-centered treatment regimens. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(5):479\u201382.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"44_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-69","volume":"5","author":"FJ Snoek","year":"2007","unstructured":"Snoek FJ, Skovlund SE, Pouwer F. Development and validation of the insulin treatment appraisal scale (ITAS) in patients with type II diabetes. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5:69.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"44_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462309990055","volume":"25","author":"C Guimaraes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guimaraes C, Marra CA, Colley L, Gill S, Simpson SH, Meneilly G, et al. A valuation of patients\u2019 willingness-to-pay for insulin delivery in diabetes. Int J Tech Assess Health Care. 2009;25:359\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Tech Assess Health Care"},{"key":"44_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-12-20","volume":"12","author":"JM Polinski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polinski JM, Curtis BH, Seeger JD, Choudhry NK, Zagar A, Shrank WH. Rationale and design of the multinational observational study assessing insulin use: the MOSAIc study. BMC Endocr Dis. 2012;12:20.","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Dis"},{"key":"44_CR22","volume-title":"World Economic Outlook","author":"International Monetary Fund","year":"2012","unstructured":"International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook. 2012."},{"issue":"5","key":"44_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.5.706","volume":"21","author":"JT Fitzgerald","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fitzgerald JT, Funnell MM, Hess GE, Barr PA, Anderson RM, Hiss RG, et al. The reliability and validity of a brief diabetes knowledge test. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(5):706\u201310.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"44_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.3.626","volume":"28","author":"WH Polonsky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Polonsky WH, Fischer L, Earles J, Dudl RJ, Lees J, Mullan RA, et al. Assessing psychosocial distress in diabetes: development of the Diabetes Distress Scale. Diab Care. 2005;28:626\u201331.","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"44_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2006.00637.x","volume":"42","author":"AL Stewart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stewart AL, Napoles-Springer AM, Gregorich SE, Santoyo-Olsson J. Interpersonal processes of care survey: patient-reported measures for diverse groups. Health Serv Res. 2007;42(3 Pt 1):1235\u201356.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"44_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.7.943","volume":"23","author":"DJ Toobert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Toobert DJ, Hampson SE, Glasgow RE. The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure: results from 7 studies and a revised scale. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(7):943\u201350.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"44_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990330)18:6<681::AID-SIM71>3.3.CO;2-I","volume":"18","author":"S VanBuuren","year":"1999","unstructured":"VanBuuren S, Boshuizen HC, Knook DL. Multiple imputation of missing blood pressure covariates in survival analysis. Stat Med. 1999;18:681\u201394.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"44_CR28","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight 2013 [June 4, 2013]. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs311\/en\/ ."}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-015-0044-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-015-0044-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-015-0044-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T19:10:20Z","timestamp":1475349020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-015-0044-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["44"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-015-0044-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]},"article-number":"46"}}