{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:41:56Z","timestamp":1780332116828,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"The Medical Training and Research Agreement, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-017-0191-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T01:37:46Z","timestamp":1499996266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Metabolic characteristics of individuals at a high risk of type 2 diabetes \u2013 a comparative cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Josefin","family":"Henninger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araz","family":"Rawshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Hammarstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Eliasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-9028","volume":"58","author":"RA Defronzo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Defronzo RA. Banting lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 2009;58(4):773\u201395.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9922","key":"191_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62154-6","volume":"383","author":"SE Kahn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kahn SE, Cooper ME, Del Prato S. Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future. Lancet. 2014;383(9922):1068\u201383.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115302","volume":"130","author":"RD Morris","year":"1989","unstructured":"Morris RD, Rimm DL, Hartz AJ, Kalkhoff RK, Rimm AA. Obesity and heredity in the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in 32,662 adult white women. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;130(1):112\u201321.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6865","key":"191_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/414782a","volume":"414","author":"P Zimmet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature. 2001;414(6865):782\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.658948","volume":"115","author":"CS Fox","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fox CS, Coady S, Sorlie PD, D'Agostino RB Sr, Pencina MJ, Vasan RS, et al. Increasing cardiovascular disease burden due to diabetes mellitus: the Framingham heart study. Circulation. 2007;115(12):1544\u201350.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02157.x","volume":"24","author":"KG Alberti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. International diabetes federation: a consensus on type 2 diabetes prevention. Diabet Med. 2007;24(5):451\u201363.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0520","volume":"36","author":"RA Defronzo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Defronzo RA, Tripathy D, Schwenke DC, Banerji M, Bray GA, Buchanan TA, et al. Prediction of diabetes based on baseline metabolic characteristics in individuals at high risk. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3607\u201312.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9468","key":"191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","volume":"365","author":"RH Eckel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005;365(9468):1415\u201328.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0599-6","volume":"51","author":"P Piatti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piatti P, Setola E, Galluccio E, Costa S, Fontana B, Stuccillo M, et al. Smoking is associated with impaired glucose regulation and a decrease in insulin sensitivity and the disposition index in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes subjects independently of the presence of metabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol. 2014;51(5):793\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"11","key":"191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1520-7","volume":"52","author":"M Stadler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stadler M, Pacini G, Petrie J, Luger A, Anderwald C. Beta cell (dys) function in non-diabetic offspring of diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 2009;52(11):2435\u201344.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3002-1","volume":"56","author":"R Wagner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wagner R, Thorand B, Osterhoff MA, Muller G, Bohm A, Meisinger C, et al. Family history of diabetes is associated with higher risk for prediabetes: a multicentre analysis from the German Center for Diabetes Research. Diabetologia. 2013;56(10):2176\u201380.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR12","first-page":"359","volume":"61","author":"N Taheri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taheri N, Iraj B, Amini M, Amini P, Aminorroaya A. Cardiovascular risk factors in relatives of type 2 diabetics with normal glucose tolerance test and elevated one-hour plasma glucose. Endokrynologia Polska. 2010;61(4):359\u201363.","journal-title":"Endokrynologia Polska"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.91204","volume":"16","author":"EP Praveen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Praveen EP, Sahoo J, Khurana ML, Kulshreshtha B, Khadgawat R, Gupta N, et al. Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in normoglycemic offspring of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: impact of line of inheritance. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(1):105\u201311.","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuzhandai velu V, Jyothirmayi B, Kumar JS. Insulin resistance and alanine amino transaminase (ALT) levels in first degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Metabol Syndr 2011;5(3):143-147.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2012.02.011"},{"key":"191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-13-61","volume":"13","author":"SO Ogedengbe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ogedengbe SO, Ezeani IU. Profile of metabolic abnormalities seen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their first degree relatives with metabolic syndrome seen in Benin City, Edo state Nigeria. J Diab metabol Disord. 2014;13:61.","journal-title":"J Diab metabol Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2007.4.169","volume":"4","author":"M Amini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amini M, Janghorbani M. Diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes in isfahan, iran: prevalence and risk factors. Rev Diabet Stud. 2007;4(3):169\u201376.","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR17","first-page":"159","volume":"37","author":"XY Han","year":"2005","unstructured":"Han XY, Ji LN, Zhou XH. Cross-sectional study of the pathophysiologic and clinical features in the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients. Beijing da xue xue bao Yi xue ban = J Peking Univ Health Sci. 2005;37(2):159\u201362.","journal-title":"Beijing da xue xue bao Yi xue ban = J Peking Univ Health Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","unstructured":"Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499\u2013502.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"191_CR19","unstructured":"Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes [cited 2014]. Available from\u00a0 http:\/\/www.who.int\/diabetes\/publications\/Definition%20and%20diagnosis%20of%20diabetes_new.pdf ."},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.7.1045","volume":"18","author":"RP Stolk","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stolk RP, Orchard TJ, Grobbee DE. Why use the oral glucose tolerance test? Diabetes Care. 1995;18(7):1045\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.2.152","volume":"17","author":"MM Tai","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tai MM. A mathematical model for the determination of total area under glucose tolerance and other metabolic curves. Diabetes Care. 1994;17(2):152\u20134.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","volume":"28","author":"DR Matthews","year":"1985","unstructured":"Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010187","volume":"151","author":"RL Hanson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hanson RL, Pratley RE, Bogardus C, Narayan KM, Roumain JM, Imperatore G, et al. Evaluation of simple indices of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion for use in epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151(2):190\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105534","volume":"46","author":"HS Seltzer","year":"1967","unstructured":"Seltzer HS, Allen EW, Herron AL Jr, Brennan MT. Insulin secretion in response to glycemic stimulus: relation of delayed initial release to carbohydrate intolerance in mild diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1967;46(3):323\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1263-9","volume":"47","author":"A Gastaldelli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gastaldelli A, Ferrannini E, Miyazaki Y, Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Beta-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance: results from the San Antonio metabolism (SAM) study. Diabetologia. 2004;47(1):31\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1381-z","volume":"47","author":"E Ferrannini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferrannini E, Mari A. Beta cell function and its relation to insulin action in humans: a critical appraisal. Diabetologia. 2004;47(5):943\u201356.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816070-00001","volume":"16","author":"E Ferrannini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferrannini E, Mari A. How to measure insulin sensitivity. J Hypertens. 1998;16(7):895\u2013906.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR28","first-page":"E214","volume":"237","author":"RA DeFronzo","year":"1979","unstructured":"DeFronzo RA, Tobin JD, Andres R. Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. Am J Phys. 1979;237(3):E214\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"191_CR29","volume-title":"Practical statistics for medical students","author":"DG Altman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Altman DG. Practical statistics for medical students. London: Chapman & Hall; 2000."},{"key":"191_CR30","volume-title":"Medical Statitics","author":"BE Kirkwood","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kirkwood BE, JACS. Medical Statitics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2003."},{"key":"191_CR31","volume-title":"SPSS steg f\u00f6r steg","author":"L Wahlgren","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wahlgren L. SPSS steg f\u00f6r steg. Lund: Studentlitteratur; 2005."},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500207","volume":"150","author":"B Nyholm","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nyholm B, Nielsen MF, Kristensen K, Nielsen S, Ostergard T, Pedersen SB, et al. Evidence of increased visceral obesity and reduced physical fitness in healthy insulin-resistant first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;150(2):207\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3390-x","volume":"58","author":"A Alyass","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alyass A, Almgren P, Akerlund M, Dushoff J, Isomaa B, Nilsson P, et al. Modelling of OGTT curve identifies 1 h plasma glucose level as a strong predictor of incident type 2 diabetes: results from two prospective cohorts. Diabetologia. 2015;58(1):87\u201397.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2102","volume":"31","author":"EJ Metter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Metter EJ, Windham BG, Maggio M, Simonsick EM, Ling SM, Egan JM, et al. Glucose and insulin measurements from the oral glucose tolerance test and mortality prediction. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(5):1026\u201330.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.6.1001","volume":"46","author":"G Perseghin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Perseghin G, Ghosh S, Gerow K, Shulman GI. Metabolic defects in lean nondiabetic offspring of NIDDM parents: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes. 1997;46(6):1001\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.8.1828","volume":"50","author":"JF Gautier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gautier JF, Wilson C, Weyer C, Mott D, Knowler WC, Cavaghan M, et al. Low acute insulin secretory responses in adult offspring of people with early onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2001;50(8):1828\u201333.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1834","volume":"30","author":"M Cnop","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cnop M, Vidal J, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM, Carr DB, Schraw T, et al. Progressive loss of beta-cell function leads to worsening glucose tolerance in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(3):677\u201382.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18284","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018284","volume":"6","author":"P Arner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arner P, Arner E, Hammarstedt A, Smith U. Genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes, but not for overweight\/obesity, is associated with a restricted adipogenesis. PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18284.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-1-199907060-00006","volume":"131","author":"M Axelsen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Axelsen M, Smith U, Eriksson JW, Taskinen MR, Jansson PA. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance in normoglycemic first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131(1):27\u201331.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"191_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105262","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105262","volume":"9","author":"AM Henninger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Henninger AM, Eliasson B, Jenndahl LE, Hammarstedt A. Adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis characterize subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy, non-obese subjects predisposed to type 2 diabetes. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e105262.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"191_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00575.x","volume":"18","author":"AJ Adamson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adamson AJ, Foster E, Butler TJ, Bennet S, Walker M. Non-diabetic relatives of type 2 diabetic families: dietary intake contributes to the increased risk of diabetes. Diabet Med. 2001;18(12):984\u201390.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01281.x","volume":"255","author":"EH Johanson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johanson EH, Jansson PA, Gustafson B, Lonn L, Smith U, Taskinen MR, et al. Early alterations in the postprandial VLDL1 apoB-100 and apoB-48 metabolism in men with strong heredity for type 2 diabetes. J Intern Med. 2004;255(2):273\u20139.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"191_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cederberg H, Stancakova A, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Smith U. Family history of type 2 diabetes increases the risk of both obesity and its complications: is type 2 diabetes a disease of inappropriate lipid storage? J Intern Med. 2015;277(5):540-51.","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12289"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-017-0191-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T08:04:18Z","timestamp":1602489858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-017-0191-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-017-0191-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]},"article-number":"40"}}