{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T02:05:29Z","timestamp":1785809129660,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Acute compartment syndrome is a rare complication of severe hypothyroidism. If the symptoms are not recognized promptly and treatment initiated immediately, there is a high risk of permanent damage. Only few other cases of compartment syndrome due to hypothyroidism have been published and the exact pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Case presentations<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 59\u2009year old male developed acute compartment syndrome of his right lower leg after thyroid hormone withdrawal prior to radioiodine remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy for follicular thyroid cancer. He underwent emergency fasciotomy of all four compartments of the lower leg. The muscle tissue in the anterior and lateral compartment was necrotic and was therefore excised. The second patient was a 62\u2009year old female with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis, who developed acute compartment syndrome of both lower legs after thyroid hormone withdrawal due to non-compliance. Emergency fasciotomy of all four compartments of both legs was performed. The muscle tissue was viable in all compartments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Although compartment syndrome due to hypothyroidism is uncommon, it is a complication physicians should be aware of. The majority of reported cases are caused by an acute withdrawal of thyroid hormones and not by undetected hypothyroidism. No previous case of compartment syndrome caused by an iatrogenic hormone withdrawal in preparation for radioactive iodine has been published. However, as shown in this report, it may be beneficial to inform patients of this rare complication prior to hormone withdrawal in preparation for remnant ablation after thyroidectomy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00555-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T14:03:10Z","timestamp":1591365790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Compartment syndrome of the leg after thyroid hormone withdrawal; two cases and a systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9159-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"van Veelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Fischli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J.P.","family":"Beeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Eisenhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"Babst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Henzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn-Christian","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-012-9126-y","volume":"5","author":"RM Taylor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taylor RM, Sullivan MP, Mehta S. Acute compartment syndrome: obtaining diagnosis, providing treatment, and minimizing medicolegal risk. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2012;5(3):206\u201313.","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"555_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.01.013","volume":"61","author":"NM van Veelen","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Veelen NM, Link BC, Donner G, Babst R, Beeres FJP. Compartment syndrome of the forearm caused by contrast medium extravasation: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Imaging. 2020;61:58\u201361.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"555_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9357-0","volume":"17","author":"A Sindoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sindoni A, Rodolico C, Pappalardo MA, Portaro S, Benvenga S. Hypothyroid myopathy: a peculiar clinical presentation of thyroid failure. Review of the literature. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2016;17(4):499\u2013519.","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"555_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S445","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181ec5d09","volume":"38","author":"ZJ Balogh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Balogh ZJ, Butcher NE. Compartment syndromes from head to toe. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(9 Suppl):S445\u201351.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"555_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","volume":"6","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000100.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"817","key":"555_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.69.817.881","volume":"69","author":"AK Thacker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thacker AK, Agrawal D, Sarkari NB. Bilateral anterior tibial compartment syndrome in association with hypothyroidism. Postgrad Med J. 1993;69(817):881\u20133.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"555_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1995.5.305","volume":"5","author":"SI Hsu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hsu SI, Thadhani RI, Daniels GH. Acute compartment syndrome in a hypothyroid patient. Thyroid. 1995;5(4):305\u20138.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"4","key":"555_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.03.028","volume":"90","author":"J Mills","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mills J, Pretorius V, Lording T, Hardikar A, Murton M. Bilateral anterior compartment syndrome after routine coronary artery bypass surgery and severe hypothyroidism. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;90(4):1338\u201340.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"555_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0136","volume":"22","author":"P Muir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muir P, Choe MS, Croxson MS. Rapid development of anterotibial compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis in a patient with primary hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Thyroid. 2012;22(6):651\u20133.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"12","key":"555_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E337","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481408001204","volume":"80","author":"N Hariri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hariri N, Mousa A, Abu-Halimah S, Richmond B. Bilateral lower extremity anterior compartment syndrome in a severely hypothyroid patient. Am Surg. 2014;80(12):E337\u20138.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"555_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.12.054","volume":"35","author":"A Modi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Modi A, Amin H, Salzman M, Morgan F. Acute compartment syndrome caused by uncontrolled hypothyroidism. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(6):937 e5-.e6.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"555_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musielak MC, Chae JH. Hypothyroid-induced acute compartment syndrome in all extremities. J Surgical Case Rep. 2016;2016(12).","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjw215"},{"issue":"4","key":"555_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.4158\/EP10263.RA","volume":"17","author":"A Ramadhan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramadhan A, Schondorf R, Tamilia M. Rhabdomyolysis and peroneal nerve compression associated with thyroid hormone withdrawal in the setting of remnant ablation: review of the literature. Endocrine Pract. 2011;17(4):629\u201335.","journal-title":"Endocrine Pract"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"555_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S158","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000460","volume":"74","author":"WH Tsai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsai WH, Huang ST, Liu WC, Chen LW, Yang KC, Hsu KC, et al. High risk of rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury after traumatic limb compartment syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. 2015;74(Suppl 2):S158\u201361.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"555_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1159\/000129619","volume":"17","author":"D Tuncel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tuncel D, Cetinkaya A, Kaya B, Gokce M. Hoffmann's syndrome: a case report. Med Principles Pract. 2008;17(4):346\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Principles Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"555_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0738.84215","volume":"1","author":"K Praveen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Praveen K, Aslam S, Dutta T. HoffMann\u2019s syndrome: A rare neurological presentation of hypothyroidism. Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis. 2011;1(2):201.","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00555-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00555-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00555-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T23:24:21Z","timestamp":1622849061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00555-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00555-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The patients signed an informed consent form, permitting the use of their medical data for research purposes including publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"80"}}