{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:51:18Z","timestamp":1788522678623,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["91857117, 81670717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91857117, 81670717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["19140902400, 18410722300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19140902400, 18410722300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006729","name":"School of Medicine, University of Kansas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19XJ11007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19XJ11007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Major Science and Technology Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","award":["2019-01-07-00-01-E00059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-01-07-00-01-E00059"]}]},{"name":"Commission of Health and Family Planning of Pudong District","award":["PWZxq2017-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PWZxq2017-17"]}]},{"name":"Municipal Human Resources Development Program for Outstanding Young Talents in Medical and Health Sciences in Shanghai","award":["2017YQ053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YQ053"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism, which is thought to be related to many human diseases, such as nephrolithiasis, gout, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between serum UA (SUA) and 25(OH) D is still unclear in the eastern Chinese population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did a population-based observational investigation, which included 12,770 residents living in eastern China. Ultimately, data from 9220 subjects were analyzed. Serum 25(OH) D, SUA, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, HbA1c and other metabolic parameters were tested. Waist circumference (WC), weight and height were also measured. Questionnaires were collected from these subjects for information on smoking and drinking status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 9220 Chinese adults, including 3681 males (age 55.57\u2009\u00b1\u200913.23\u2009years) and 5539 females (age 54.31\u2009\u00b1\u200912.83\u2009years). The levels of SUA were 352.07\u2009\u00b1\u200979.25\u2009nmol\/L and 269.29\u2009\u00b1\u200964.68\u2009nmol\/L in males and females, respectively. The proportion of adults with hyperuricemia (HUA) was 12.26% in the total population. Levels of SUA were positively associated with 25(OH) D, and the incidence of HUA increased 9.4% for every 10\u2009nmol\/L increase in 25(OH) D (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SUA was positively associated with 25(OH) D in the eastern Chinese population. Higher levels of serum 25(OH) D may be a potential predictor of HUA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00560-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T10:34:16Z","timestamp":1591180456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Association between serum vitamin D and uric acid in the eastern Chinese population: a population-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yingchao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningjian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangzhen","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5117-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingli","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"560_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.05.017","volume":"347","author":"DD Bikle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism and function in the skin. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011;347(1\u20132):80\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"560_CR2","first-page":"103","volume":"58","author":"K Skowron","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skowron K, Pawlicka I, Gil K. The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Folia Med Cracov. 2018;58(2):103\u201318.","journal-title":"Folia Med Cracov"},{"issue":"6","key":"560_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(98)70067-8","volume":"32","author":"JK Maesaka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maesaka JK, Fishbane S. Regulation of renal urate excretion: a critical review. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32(6):917\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"560_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6858","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.11.6858","volume":"78","author":"BN Ames","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ames BN, Cathcart R, Schwiers E, Hochstein P. Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant-and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981;78(11):6858\u201362.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"560_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2012.07.009","volume":"19","author":"IA Bobulescu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bobulescu IA, Moe OW, et al. Renal transport of uric acid: evolving concepts and uncertainties. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2012;19(6):358\u201371.","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"560_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11578","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011578","volume":"5","author":"C Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu C, Yu C, Xu L, et al. High serum uric acid increases the risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective observational study. PLoS One. 2010;5(7):e11578.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"560_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.08.005","volume":"60","author":"S Ryu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ryu S, Chang Y, Kim SG, et al. Serum uric acid levels predict incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in healthy Korean men. Metabolism. 2011;60(6):860\u20136.","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"key":"560_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-164","volume":"14","author":"D Gustafsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gustafsson D, Unwin R. The pathophysiology of hyperuricaemia and its possible relationship to cardiovascular disease, morbidity and mortality. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:164.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"560_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e3283595adc","volume":"14","author":"N Katsiki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katsiki N, Karagiannis A, Athyros VG, et al. Hyperuricaemia: more than just a cause of gout? J Cardiovasc Med. 2013;14(6):397\u2013402.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"560_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00350106","volume":"2","author":"AA Ejaz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ejaz AA, Mu W, Kang DH, Roncal C, Sautin YY, et al. Could uric acid have a role in acute renal failure? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2(1):16\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"560_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002009","volume":"71","author":"A Levin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Levin A, Bakris GL, Molitch M, et al. Prevalence of abnormal serum vitamin D, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus in patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the study to evaluate early kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2007;71(1):31\u20138.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"560_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32834de4ee","volume":"21","author":"YC Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li YC. Vitamin D: roles in renal and cardiovascular protection. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2012;21(1):72\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"560_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61159","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061159","volume":"8","author":"H Peng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peng H, Li H, Li C, et al. Association between vitamin D insufficiency and elevated serum uric acid among middle-aged and elderly Chinese Han women. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61159.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"560_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000454952","volume":"26","author":"S Sipahi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sipahi S, Acikgoz SB, et al. The Association of Vitamin D status and Vitamin D replacement therapy with glycemic control, serum uric acid levels, and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Med Princ Pract. 2017;26(2):146\u201351.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"560_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2012.05.007","volume":"6","author":"H Yilmaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yilmaz H, Kaya M, Sahin M, et al. Is vitamin D status a predictor of glycaemic regulation and cardiac complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients? Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012;6(1):28\u201331.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"560_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(98)90267-0","volume":"47","author":"S Takahashi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, et al. Decreased serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 in patients with gout. Metabolism. 1998;47(3):336\u20138.","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"issue":"7","key":"560_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0209","volume":"32","author":"L Lu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lu L, Yu Z, Pan A, Hu FB, Franco OH, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1278\u201383.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"560_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2005.06.002","volume":"97","author":"E van Etten","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Etten E, Mathieu C. Immunoregulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: basic concepts. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005;97(1\u20132):93\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"560_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10343","volume":"88","author":"YC Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li YC. Vitamin D regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. J Cell Biochem. 2003;88(2):327\u201331.","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"560_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024487118457","volume":"80","author":"S Swami","year":"2003","unstructured":"Swami S, Raghavachari N, Muller UR, Bao YP, Feldman D. Vitamin D growth inhibition of breast cancer cells: gene expression patterns assessed by cDNA microarray. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003;80(1):49\u201362.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"560_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200102028","volume":"154","author":"HG P\u00e1lmer","year":"2001","unstructured":"P\u00e1lmer HG, Gonz\u00e1lez-Sancho JM, Espada J, et al. Vitamin D (3) promotes the differentiation of colon carcinoma cells by the induction of E-cadherin and the inhibition of beta-catenin signaling. J Cell Biol. 2001;154(2):369\u201387.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"560_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.7.7549","volume":"141","author":"XY Zhao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhao XY, Peehl DM, Navone NM, Feldman D. 1\u03b1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by androgen-dependent and androgen-independent mechanisms. Endocrinology. 2000;141(7):2548\u201356.","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"8","key":"560_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2352","volume":"44","author":"Y Okada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okada Y, Sim X, et al. Meta-analysis identifies multiple loci associated with kidney function-related traits in East Asian populations. Nat Genet. 2012;44(8):904\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"560_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.144","volume":"8","author":"AM Reginato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reginato AM, Mount DB, et al. The genetics of hyperuricaemia and gout. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(10):610\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"39","key":"560_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6089","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666140417095730","volume":"20","author":"D Grassi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grassi D, Desideri G, Ferri C. New insight into urate-related mechanism of cardiovascular damage. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(39):6089\u201395.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"4","key":"560_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.04.080","volume":"447","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Hu Y, et al. High uric acid directly inhibits insulin signalling and induces insulin resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;447(4):707\u201314.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"560_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.286","volume":"26","author":"I Nabipour","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nabipour I, Sambrook PN, et al. Serum uric acid is associated with bone health in older men: a cross-sectional population-based study. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(5):955\u201364.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"560_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2003837","volume":"89","author":"A Zittermann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zittermann A. Vitamin D in preventive medicine: are we ignoring the evidence? Br J Nutr. 2003;89(5):552\u201372.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"560_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-832","volume":"11","author":"B Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu B, Wang T, Zhao H, Yue W, Yu H, et al. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in China: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:832.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"560_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2467","volume":"93","author":"R Yahyaoui","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yahyaoui R, Esteva I, et al. Effect of long-term administration of cross-sex hormone therapy on serum and urinary uric acid in transsexual persons. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(6):2230\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"560_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.31.807","volume":"31","author":"I Hisatome","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hisatome I, Ishimura M, et al. Renal handling of urate in two patients with hyperuricemia and primary hyperparathyroidism. Intern Med. 1992;31(6):807\u201311.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"560_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0189-8","volume":"18","author":"PD Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller PD, Schwartz EN, Chen P, Misurski DA, Krege JH. Teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and mild or moderate renal impairment. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18(1):59\u201368.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"560_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105103441904","volume":"344","author":"RM Neer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Neer RM, Arnaud CD, Zanchetta JR, Prince R, Gaich GA, et al. Effect of parathyroid hormone (1\u201334) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1434\u201341.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"560_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.09.018","volume":"63","author":"W Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen W, Roncal-Jimenez C, Lanaspa M, et al. Uric acid suppresses 1 alpha hydroxylase in vitro and in vivo. Metabolism. 2014;63(1):150\u201360.","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"issue":"4","key":"560_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V441035","volume":"4","author":"R Vanholder","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vanholder R, Patel S, Hsu CH. Effect of uric acid on plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D in renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1993;4(4):1035\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"560_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3712-7","volume":"16","author":"P Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen P, Li Z, Hu Y. Prevalence of osteoporosis in China: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1039.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00560-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00560-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00560-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T22:37:33Z","timestamp":1622673453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00560-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-020-00560-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.22845\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.22845\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors state that this study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All the recruited participants have provided written informed consent before the investigation. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (approval number 2013(86)).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"79"}}