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However, the findings were inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effect of\n                      <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene polymorphisms on the risk of T1DM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All relevant studies reporting the association between\n                      <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to T1DM published up to May 2020 were identified by comprehensive systematic database search in ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed\/MEDLINE. Strength of association were assessed by calculating of pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale. To find the potential sources of heterogeneity, meta-regression and subgroup analysis were also performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 39\u00a0case\u2013control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results of overall population rejected any significant association between\n                      <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene polymorphisms and T1DM risk. However, the pooled results of subgroup analysis revealed significant negative and positive associations between\n                      <jats:italic>FokI<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>BsmI<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms and T1DM in Africans and Americans, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta-analysis suggested a significant association between\n                      <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene polymorphism and T1DM susceptibility in ethnic-specific analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00575-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T02:02:34Z","timestamp":1596852154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of the type 1 diabetes: a meta-regression and updated meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramtin","family":"Bidares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud Hassanzadeh","family":"Makoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Aslani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payam","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Razi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyal","family":"Imani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Yazdchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haleh","family":"Mikaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.23736\/S0031-0808.18.03394-3","volume":"60","author":"G Gupta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gupta G, et al. 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