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Serum IGF-1 concentrations are usually low in individuals with idiopathic short stature (ISS) despite normal endogenous GH levels, and the associated underlying factors are unknown. This study aimed to explore the relationship between IGF-1 and hemoglobin (Hb) in children with ISS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis was performed including 178 children and adolescents with ISS who were enrolled from March 2013 to February 2019. The related clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated for each patient. Univariate analysis, smooth curve fitting and multivariate piecewise linear regression were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean levels of IGF-1 standard deviation scores (SDS) and Hb were\u2009\u2212\u20090.99 (\u2212\u20091.60 - -0.09) and 131.81\u2009\u00b1\u20099.36\u2009g\/L, respectively. Univariate analysis displayed a significant positive association between Hb and IGF-1 SDS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the positive relationship between Hb and IGF-1 SDS remained (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Furthermore, there was an inflection point for Hb in the curve. In a multivariate piecewise linear regression model, IGF-1 SDS was significantly positively associated with Hb when Hb concentrations were lower than 145\u2009g\/L (B 0.05; 95% CI 0.02, 0.07;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). However, IGF-1 SDS decreased with increasing Hb levels when Hb concentrations were greater than 145\u2009g\/L (B -0.15; 95% CI -0.23, \u2212\u20090.06;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated that Hb is associated with IGF-1 in Chinese children and adolescents with ISS. The levels of IGF-1 increased with the elevation of Hb, but when the concentration of Hb exceeded a certain range, with the increase of Hb, IGF-1 decreased instead.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00600-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T10:05:39Z","timestamp":1596449139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Relationship between hemoglobin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in children and adolescents with idiopathic short stature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baolan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuntian","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3950-1422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0509","volume":"93","author":"P Cohen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cohen P, Rogol AD, Deal CL, Saenger P, Reiter EO, Ross JL, Chernausek SD, Savage MO, Wit JM. 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Inform all patients\u2019 families of the aims of the study, and participants\u2019 parents signed informed consent forms.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"119"}}