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The objective in this study was to perform an echographic analysis of musculoskeletal system disorders, endothelial dysfunction and the left ventricle (LV) in obese rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sprague Dawley rats (250\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u2009g) were obtained and divided into two groups: the control (C) group was fed with a standard diet, and the obese (Ob) group was fed hyper caloric diet with a high fructose-fat content for 4\u2009months. Body weight, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) were measured. Additionally, two-dimensional echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound and musculoskeletal system studies were performed in the lower extremities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The body weight in the Ob group was increased compared to that in the control group, (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001); in addition, increased glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) as well as increased levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and, VCAM-1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) were found in the Ob group vs the C group. On ultrasound, 75% of the Ob group presented fatty liver and distal joint abnormalities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obese rats exhibit endothelial dysfunction and musculoskeletal changes, also, fatty liver and articular cysts in the posterior region of the distal lower- extremity joints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00603-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T09:07:05Z","timestamp":1597396025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Echography analysis of musculoskeletal, heart and liver alterations associated with endothelial dysfunction in obese rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Mart\u00ednez Coria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norma Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Estrada-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda In\u00e9s P\u00e9rez","family":"Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Montes-Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8175-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"Manuel-Apolinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"603_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 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The animals were treated according to the Official Mexican Standard for the care, use and sacrifice of laboratory animals. In this work, the obese group was given a hypercaloric diet for 4-months, and both groups; C and Ob, were studied at 6\u2009months of age. However, after this study all rats continued their feeding until reaching 12\u2009months of age. At this time point, the rats were sacrificed via deep anesthesia and the administration of pentobarbital (25\u2009mg\/kg, i.p.) [\n                      \n                      ] (NOM-062-ZOO-1999, revised 2001). Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture, and these samples and other tissues were used for cytokines and other analysis.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"124"}}