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Since chronic hyperglycemia impairs neutrophil functions, preoperative glycemic control may restore neutrophil function. However, long-term insulin therapy may lead to a delay in surgery, which may be a problem, especially in cancer surgery. It is therefore unfortunate that there have been few studies in which the optimal duration of perioperative glycemic control for diabetes with chronic hyperglycemia was investigated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of preoperative long-term insulin therapy and short-term insulin therapy on perioperative neutrophil functions in diabetic mice with chronic hyperglycemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five-week-old male C57BL\/6\u2009J mice were divided into four groups (No insulin (Diabetes Mellitus: DM), Short-term insulin (DM), Long-term insulin (DM), and Non-diabetic groups). Diabetes was established by administrating repeated low-dose streptozotocin. The Short-term insulin (DM) group received insulin therapy for 6\u2009h before the operation and the Long-term insulin (DM) group received insulin therapy for 5\u2009days before the operation. The No insulin (DM) group and the Non-diabetic group did not receive insulin therapy. At 14\u2009weeks of age, abdominal surgery with intestinal manipulation was performed in all four groups. We carried out a phagocytosis assay with fluorescent microspheres and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay with DCFH-DA (2\u2032,7\u2032-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) before and 24\u2009h after the operation using FACSVerse\u2122 with BD FACSuite\u2122 software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Blood glucose was lowered by insulin therapy in the Short-term insulin (DM) and Long-term insulin (DM) groups before the operation. Neutrophilic phagocytosis activities before and after the operation were significantly restored in the Long-term insulin (DM) group compared with those in the No insulin (DM) group (before:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0008, after:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0005). However, they were not significantly restored in the Short-term insulin (DM) group. Neutrophilic ROS production activities before and after the operation were not restored in either the Short-term insulin (DM) group or Long-term insulin (DM) group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperative and postoperative phagocytosis activities are restored by insulin therapy for 5\u2009days before the operation but not by insulin therapy for 6\u2009h before the operation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00629-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T09:02:49Z","timestamp":1601370169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long-term preoperative glycemic control restored the perioperative neutrophilic phagocytosis activity in diabetic mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9864-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daichi","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritoki","family":"Egi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norihiko","family":"Obata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Mizobuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"629_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0304","volume":"33","author":"A Frisch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frisch A, Chandra P, Smiley D, Peng L, Rizzo M, Gatcliffe C, et al. 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