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Serum BAFF levels were elevated in patients affected with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves\u2019 disease (GD) and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis (HT). The aim of this study is to explore the association of expression levels of BAFF and its receptors with AITD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-two GD patients, 39 Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis (HT) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. Serum BAFF levels were measured by ELISA. Expression of BAFF receptors, including BAFF receptor 3 (BR3) and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), on B lymphocytes were analyzed by flowcytometry. Effects of steroids on serum BAFF levels and expression of BR3 and TACI were also observed in 10 patients with Graves\u2019 orbitopathy (GO) receiving steroids therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum BAFF levels were significantly elevated from 0.93\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24 ng\/ml in HC to 1.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33 ng\/ml in GD (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0027) and 1.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24 ng\/ml in HT (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0331). BR3 expression on peripheral B lymphocytes were elevated in GD (mean MFI: 4.52\u2009\u00b1\u20092.06 in GD vs. 3.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.87 in HC,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0015), while TACI expression on peripheral B lymphocytes were decreased in GD without significance (mean MFI: 7.96\u2009\u00b1\u20094.06 in GD vs. 9.10\u2009\u00b1\u20093.37 in HC,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.1285). Expression of BR3 and TACI was not changed significantly in HT patients. Steroids significantly suppressed serum BAFF concentrations (from 1.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.27 ng\/ml to 0.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10 ng\/ml,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0364) and BR3 expression in GO patients (mean MFI from 6.26\u2009\u00b1\u20094.91 to 4.05\u2009\u00b1\u20091.58,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0083).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altered expression of BAFF and its receptor may mediate the autoimmunity in GD. Restoring the normal expression profile of receptors for BAFF could be a new strategy to treat GD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00752-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T07:06:42Z","timestamp":1619680002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Altered expression profile of BAFF receptors on peripheral blood B lymphocytes in Graves\u2019 disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aixia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengjun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"752_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1080","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2897","volume":"97","author":"C Giuliani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giuliani C, Cerrone D, Harii N, et al. 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