{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:37:15Z","timestamp":1777635435621,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The development of obesity is most likely due to a combination of biological and environmental factors some of which might still be unidentified. We used a machine learning technique to examine the relative importance of more than 100 clinical variables as predictors for BMI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>BASUN is a prospective non-randomized cohort study of 971 individuals that received medical or surgical treatment (treatment choice was based on patient\u2019s preferences and clinical criteria, not randomization) for obesity in the V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland county in Sweden between 2015 and 2017 with planned follow-up for 10 years. This study includes demographic data, BMI, blood tests, and questionnaires before obesity treatment that cover three main areas: gastrointestinal symptoms and eating habits, physical activity and quality of life, and psychological health. We used random forest, with conditional variable importance, to study the relative importance of roughly 100 predictors of BMI, covering 15 domains. We quantified the predictive value of each individual predictor, as well as each domain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The participants received medical (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009382) or surgical treatment for obesity (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009388; sleeve gastrectomy, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009201). There were minor differences between these groups before treatment with regard to anthropometrics, laboratory measures and results from questionnaires. The 10 individual variables with the strongest predictive value, in order of decreasing strength, were country of birth, marital status, sex, calcium levels, age, levels of TSH and HbA1c, AUDIT score, BE tendencies according to QEWPR, and TG levels. The strongest domains predicting BMI were: Socioeconomic status, Demographics, Biomarkers (notably TSH), Lifestyle\/habits, Biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and Potential anxiety and depression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lifestyle, habits, age, sex and socioeconomic status are some of the strongest predictors for BMI levels. Potential anxiety and \/ or depression and other characteristics captured using questionnaires have strong predictive value. These results confirm previously suggested associations and advocate prospective studies to examine the value of better characterization of patients eligible for obesity treatment, and consequently to evaluate the treatment effects in groups of patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>March 03, 2015; <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03152617\">NCT03152617<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00849-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T07:02:57Z","timestamp":1631257377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The BAriatic surgery SUbstitution and nutrition (BASUN) population: a data-driven exploration of predictors for obesity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Gudr\u00fan","family":"H\u00f6skuldsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"My","family":"Engstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Araz","family":"Rawshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Wallenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frida","family":"Len\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"F\u00e4ndriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Mossberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Eliasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"849_CR1","volume-title":"Obesity and overweight","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO. 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The ethics committee belongs to the Swedish Ethical Review Authority at the Government Offices of Sweden. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all study participants. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.Study nurse obtained written and verbal informed consent from study participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Does not apply.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Professor Eliasson reports personal fees (expert panels, lectures) from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, Navamedic, NovoNordisk, RLS Global, and grants and personal fees from Sanofi, all outside the submitted work. He was also supported by Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse. Other authors report no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"183"}}