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We report the diagnosis and treatment of a case of rhabdomyolysis, bilateral osteofascial compartment syndrome (OCS) of the lower extremities, and peroneal nerve injury causing bilateral foot drop in a diabetic patient with hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 66-year-old man with diabetes for 22\u2009years was admitted because of drowsiness, tiredness, facial swelling, and limb twitching for 2\u2009months, and red and swollen lower limb skin for 3\u2009days. Serum creatinine kinase (CK), CK-MB, myoglobin (Mb), blood glucose, and HbA1c were elevated. TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and antithyroglobulin antibodies were elevated. FT3 and FT4 were low. Urine was dark brown. He was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, rhabdomyolysis, and OCS. CK, CK-MB, and Mb returned to normal after treatment with thyroid hormone, insulin, albumin infusion, ceftriaxone, ulinastatin, and hemofiltration, and the redness and swelling of the lower limbs were relieved, but the patient developed dropping feet. The patient recovered well but had to undergo rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypothyroidism may induce rhabdomyolysis, OCS, and other complications. This case reminds us of the importance of screening for hypothyroidism and strengthens the clinicians\u2019 understanding of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00868-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T14:02:48Z","timestamp":1635084168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A case report of rhabdomyolysis and osteofascial compartment syndrome in a patient with hypothyroidism and diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lijue","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7723-1005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuiying","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yexia","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"868_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.18","volume":"14","author":"PN Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor PN, Albrecht D, Scholz A, Gutierrez-Buey G, Lazarus JH, Dayan CM, et al. 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