{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:15:51Z","timestamp":1789532151565,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thyroid crisis is a life-threatening condition in thyrotoxic patients. Although differentiated thyroid cancer is one of the causes of hyperthyroidism, reports on thyroid crisis caused by thyroid cancer are quite limited. Here, we describe a case of thyroid crisis caused by metastatic thyroid cancer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 91-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of loss of appetite. Two years prior to this hospitalization, she presented with subclinical thyrotoxicosis and was diagnosed with histologically unidentified thyroid cancer with multiple metastases, and she refused aggressive medical interventions. On admission, she exhibited extreme thyrotoxicosis, and the presence of fever, severe tachycardia, impaired consciousness, and heart failure revealed the presence of thyroid crisis. All thyroid autoantibodies were negative. Multidisciplinary conservative treatment was initiated; however, she died on the fifth day after admission. Autopsy revealed the presence of primary anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and multiple metastatic foci arising from follicular thyroid carcinoma. Both primary and metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma likely induced thyrotoxicosis, which could have been exacerbated by anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Even though the trigger of thyroid crisis in this patient is not clear, the aggravated progression of her clinical course suggests that careful monitoring of thyroid hormones and appropriate intervention are essential for patients with thyroid cancer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00875-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T16:02:40Z","timestamp":1635091360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Thyroid crisis caused by metastatic thyroid cancer: an autopsy case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Takedani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8326-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masakazu","family":"Notsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayuri","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naotake","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riruke","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keizo","family":"Kanasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"875_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0243","volume":"28","author":"T Akamizu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akamizu T. Thyroid Storm: A Japanese Perspective. Thyroid. 2018;28(1):32\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2017.0243.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"7","key":"875_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0334","volume":"22","author":"T Akamizu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Akamizu T, Satoh T, Isozaki O, Suzuki A, Wakino S, Iburi T, et al. Diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and incidence of thyroid storm based on nationwide surveys. Thyroid. 2012;22(7):661\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2011.0334.","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"issue":"10047","key":"875_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00278-6","volume":"388","author":"S De Leo","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Hyperthyroidism. Lancet. 2016;388(10047):906\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00278-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"875_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2019.1927","volume":"11","author":"J Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu J, Wang Y, Da D, Zheng M. Hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2019;11:535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mco.2019.1927.","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"875_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14003","volume":"75","author":"\u00c7 Tura Bahad\u0131r","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tura Bahad\u0131r \u00c7, Y\u0131lmaz M, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kan E. Free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine ratio in the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis and hyperthyroidism: a retrospective study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(5):e14003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijcp.14003.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"875_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.537","volume":"52","author":"J Yoshimura Noh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoshimura Noh J, Momotani N, Fukada S, Ito K, Miyauchi A, Amino N. Ratio of serum free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine in Graves' hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis caused by painless thyroiditis. Endocr J. 2005;52(5):537\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/endocrj.52.537.","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"11","key":"875_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2004.14.975","volume":"14","author":"H Gozu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gozu H, Avsar M, Bircan R, Sahin S, Ahiskanali R, Gulluoglu B, et al. Does a Leu 512 Arg thyrotropin receptor mutation cause an autonomously functioning papillary carcinoma? Thyroid. 2004;14(11):975\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2004.14.975.","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"issue":"13","key":"875_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.2719","volume":"317","author":"H Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim H, Devesa SS, Sosa JA, Check D, Kitahara CM. Trends in thyroid Cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 1974-2013. JAMA. 2017;317(13):1338\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.2719.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"875_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/ACCR-2018-0262","volume":"5","author":"A Pinto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinto A, Drake T, Cayci Z, Burmeister LA. Thyroid storm with coma in a patient with metastatic thyroid carcinoma and graves disease: won the Battle but lost the war. AACE Clin Case Rep. 2019;5:e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/ACCR-2018-0262.","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"875_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardner D, Ho SC. A rare cause of hyperthyroidism: functioning thyroid metastases. Case Reports. 2014, 2014:bcr2014206468.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-206468"},{"issue":"5","key":"875_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501300176462","volume":"11","author":"K Markou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Markou K, Georgopoulos N, Kyriazopoulou V, Vagenakis AG. Iodine-induced hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 2001;11(5):501\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/105072501300176462.","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"issue":"3","key":"875_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.251","volume":"10","author":"AM Leung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leung AM, Braverman LE. Consequences of excess iodine. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014;10(3):136\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2013.251.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"875_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-10-0300","volume":"208","author":"JC Solis-S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Solis-S JC, Villalobos P, Orozco A, Delgado G, Quintanar-Stephano A, Garcia-Solis P, et al. Inhibition of intrathyroidal dehalogenation by iodide. J Endocrinol. 2011;208(1):89\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/JOE-10-0300.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"875_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70091-2","volume":"179","author":"K Tewari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tewari K, Balderston KD, Carpenter SE, Major CA. Papillary thyroid carcinoma manifesting as thyroid storm of pregnancy: case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179(3):818\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70091-2.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"875_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000479061","volume":"6","author":"L Folkestad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Folkestad L, Brandt F, Brix T, Vogsen M, Bastholt L, Grupe P, et al. Total thyroidectomy for thyroid Cancer followed by thyroid storm due to thyrotropin receptor antibody stimulation of metastatic thyroid tissue. Eur Thyroid J. 2017;6(5):276\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000479061.","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"2","key":"875_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199708000-00034","volume":"87","author":"Y Naito","year":"1997","unstructured":"Naito Y, Sone T, Kataoka K, Sawada M, Yamazaki K. Thyroid storm due to functioning metastatic thyroid carcinoma in a burn patient. Anesthesiology. 1997;87(2):433\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-199708000-00034.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"issue":"10061","key":"875_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30172-6","volume":"388","author":"ME Cabanillas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cabanillas ME, McFadden DG, Durante C. Thyroid cancer. Lancet. 2016;388(10061):2783\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30172-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"875_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2018.0010","volume":"69","author":"J Daroszewski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daroszewski J, Paczkowska K, Jawiarczyk-Przyby\u0142owska A, Bolanowski M, Jele\u0144 M. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with rapid thyrotoxicosis - a case report and the literature review. Endokrynol Pol. 2018;69(1):28\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/EP.a2018.0010.","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"issue":"4","key":"875_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01495.x","volume":"56","author":"S Basaria","year":"2002","unstructured":"Basaria S, Udelsman R, Tejedor-Sojo J, Westra WH, Krasner AS. Anaplastic pseudothyroiditis. Clin Endocrinol. 2002;56(4):553\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01495.x.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"875_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215106005330","volume":"121","author":"JS Phillips","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phillips JS, Pledger DR, Hilger AW. Rapid thyrotoxicosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Laryngol Otol. 2007;121(7):695\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022215106005330.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"875_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44361-6","volume":"9","author":"L Fozzatti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fozzatti L, Alamino VA, Park S, Giusiano L, Volpini X, Zhao L, et al. Interplay of fibroblasts with anaplastic tumor cells promotes follicular thyroid cancer progression. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):8028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-44361-6.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00875-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00875-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00875-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T16:03:49Z","timestamp":1635091429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00875-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00875-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"213"}}