{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:26:30Z","timestamp":1790270790679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Endocr Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The relationship between sleep duration and anthropometric indices are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA) among Chinese adults, further to explore gender difference in it.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We analyzed part of the baseline data of a cohort study among adult attendees at two health-screening centers in China. Sleep duration was self-reported and categorized into short (&lt; 7\u00a0h\/day), optimal (7-9\u00a0h\/day) and long sleep (\u2265 9\u00a0h\/day). BMI, PBF and VFA were assessed by bioelectric impedance analysis. Demographic characteristics, chronic diseases and medication history, physical activity, smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors were measured by an investigator-administrated questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 9059 adult participants (63.08% were females) were included in the analysis. The participants aged from 19 to 91 years with the mean age of 45.0 \u00b1 14.6 years. Short sleep was independently associated with elevated odds of general obesity (defined using BMI) and visceral obesity (defined using VFA) among the total study population, and gender differences were observed in these associations. Among women, short sleep was associated with 62% increased odds of general obesity (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.24-2.12) and 22% increased odds of visceral obesity (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45). Among men, long sleep duration was associated with 21% decreased odds of visceral obesity (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99). No association was observed between sleep duration and PBF in both sexes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sleep duration was associated with increased odds of general and visceral obesity, and this association differed between men and women. No association was observed between sleep duration and PBF among either males or females.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00913-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T13:02:36Z","timestamp":1640350956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Gender differences in the association between sleep duration and body mass index, percentage of body fat and visceral fat area among chinese adults: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangshan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mianzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congfang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yirui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10113","key":"913_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3","volume":"390","author":"L Abarca-G\u00f3mez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abarca-G\u00f3mez L, Abdeen ZA, Hamid ZA, et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128\u00b79 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2627\u20132642.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"913_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.058","volume":"229","author":"X Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun X, Zheng B, Lv J, et al. Sleep behavior and depression: Findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank of 0.5 million Chinese adults. J Affect Disord. 2018;229:120\u2013124.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"913_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng H, Tam T, Zee BC, et al. Short Sleep Duration Increases Metabolic Impact in Healthy Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Sleep. 2017;40(10).","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx130"},{"issue":"1","key":"913_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.1.25","volume":"165","author":"RD Vorona","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vorona RD, Winn MP, Babineau TW, et al. Overweight and obese patients in a primary care population report less sleep than patients with a normal body mass index. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(1):25\u201330.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"913_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.07.018","volume":"15","author":"Y Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zhai L, Zhang D. Sleep duration and obesity among adults: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep Med. 2014;15(12):1456\u20131462.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"913_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.07.013","volume":"55","author":"MC Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu MC, Yang YC, Wu JS, et al. Short sleep duration associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an apparently healthy population. Prev Med. 2012;55(4):305\u2013309.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"913_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt180","volume":"178","author":"Q Xiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiao Q, Arem H, Moore SC, et al. A large prospective investigation of sleep duration, weight change, and obesity in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(11):1600\u20131610.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"913_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.09.007","volume":"12","author":"O Itani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Itani O, Kaneita Y, Murata A, et al. Association of onset of obesity with sleep duration and shift work among Japanese adults. Sleep Med. 2011;12(4):341\u2013345.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"913_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22713","volume":"28","author":"X Ning","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ning X, Lv J, Guo Y, et al. Association of Sleep Duration with Weight Gain and General and Central Obesity Risk in Chinese Adults: A Prospective Study. Obesity. 2020;28(2):468\u2013474.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"913_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e561","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000561","volume":"2","author":"V Yiengprugsawan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yiengprugsawan V, Banwell C, Seubsman SA, et al. Short sleep and obesity in a large national cohort of Thai adults. BMJ Open. 2012;2(1):e561.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"913_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.12.025","volume":"69","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Wu X, Zhang D, et al. Age and sex differences in the association between sleep duration and general and abdominal obesity at 6-year follow-up: the rural Chinese cohort study. Sleep Med. 2020;69:71\u201377.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"913_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803389","volume":"31","author":"GT Ko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ko GT, Chan JC, Chan AW, et al. Association between sleeping hours, working hours and obesity in Hong Kong Chinese: the \u2018better health for better Hong Kong\u2019 health promotion campaign. Int J Obes. 2007;31(2):254\u2013260.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"913_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.5","volume":"34","author":"DO Okorodudu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okorodudu DO, Jumean MF, Montori VM, et al. Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2010;34(5):791\u2013799.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"4","key":"913_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.01.007","volume":"29","author":"DH Cho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cho DH, Kim MN, Joo HJ, et al. Visceral obesity, but not central obesity, is associated with cardiac remodeling in subjects with suspected metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;29(4):360\u2013366.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"913_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.12.028","volume":"14","author":"G Faria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Faria G, Goncalves A, Cunha R, et al. Beyond central adiposity: liver fat and visceral fat area are associated with metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese patients. Int J Surg. 2015;14:75\u201379.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"913_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2011","volume":"93","author":"A Tchernof","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tchernof A, Despres JP. Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(1):359\u2013404.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"913_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726071","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/726071","volume":"2010","author":"MP St-Onge","year":"2010","unstructured":"St-Onge MP, Perumean-Chaney S, Desmond R, et al. Gender Differences in the Association between Sleep Duration and Body Composition: The Cardia Study. Int J Endocrinol. 2010;2010:726071.","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"913_CR18","first-page":"1113","volume":"36","author":"YF Ouyang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ouyang YF, Wang ZH, Wang HJ, et al. Relationship between sleep duration and body fat percentage among elderly residents in 15 provinces of China in 2015. Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine. 2019;36(12):1113\u20131118.","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"913_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7668","volume":"15","author":"X Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan X, Titova OE, Lindberg E, et al. Association Between Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Body Composition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(3):431\u2013435.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"913_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e223665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223665","volume":"14","author":"M Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen M, Zhang X, Liang Y, et al. Associations between nocturnal sleep duration, midday nap duration and body composition among adults in Southwest China. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e223665.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"33","key":"913_CR21","first-page":"4072","volume":"21","author":"XM Yao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yao XM, Cheng WB, Xiao H. Effects of Sleep Quality and Duration on Body Composition in Adults over 50 Years Old in Urumqi. Chinese General Practice. 2018;21(33):4072\u20134076.","journal-title":"Chinese General Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"913_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2636","volume":"36","author":"NH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim NH, Lee SK, Eun CR, et al. Short sleep duration combined with obstructive sleep apnea is associated with visceral obesity in Korean adults. Sleep. 2013;36(5):723\u2013729.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"913_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.17","volume":"37","author":"S Yi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yi S, Nakagawa T, Yamamoto S, et al. Short sleep duration in association with CT-scanned abdominal fat areas: the Hitachi Health Study. Int J Obes. 2013;37(1):129\u2013134.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"913_CR24","first-page":"5","volume":"23","author":"Coorperative Meta-analysis Group Of China Obesity Task Force","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coorperative Meta-analysis Group Of China Obesity Task Force. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference to risk factors of related diseases in Chinese adult population. Chin J Epidemiol. 2002;23(1):5\u201310.","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"key":"913_CR25","first-page":"1","volume":"17 Suppl","author":"C Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen C, Lu FC. The guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Chinese adults. Biomed Environ Sci. 2004;17 Suppl:1\u201336.","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"913_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"854","author":"WHO","year":"1995","unstructured":"WHO. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1995;854:1\u2013452.","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"issue":"11","key":"913_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.66.987","volume":"66","author":"Examination Committee of Criteria for Obesity Disease\u2019 in Japan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Examination Committee of Criteria for Obesity Disease\u2019 in Japan, Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for \u2018obesity disease\u2019 in Japan. Circ J. 2002;66(11):987\u2013992.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"1","key":"913_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2014.12.010","volume":"1","author":"M Hirshkowitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, et al. National Sleep Foundation\u2019s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health. 2015;1(1):40\u201343.","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"913_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-4346-x","volume":"14","author":"PS Tsai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tsai PS, Wang SY, Wang MY, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in primary insomnia and control subjects. Qual Life Res. 2005;14(8):1943\u20131952.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"913_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.2.310","volume":"87","author":"E Lopez-Garcia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lopez-Garcia E, Faubel R, Leon-Munoz L, et al. Sleep duration, general and abdominal obesity, and weight change among the older adult population of Spain. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(2):310\u2013316.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"913_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2010.00903.x","volume":"20","author":"P Lyytikainen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lyytikainen P, Rahkonen O, Lahelma E, et al. Association of sleep duration with weight and weight gain: a prospective follow-up study. J Sleep Res. 2011;20(2):298\u2013302.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"913_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.2.161","volume":"33","author":"M Watanabe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Kikuchi H, Tanaka K, et al. Association of short sleep duration with weight gain and obesity at 1-year follow-up: a large-scale prospective study. Sleep. 2010;33(2):161\u2013167.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"913_CR33","first-page":"157","volume":"30","author":"LX Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan LX, Chen XR, Chen B, et al. Gender-specific Association of Sleep Duration with Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Body Fat in Chinese Adults. Biomed Environ Sci. 2017;30(3):157\u2013169.","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"913_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.06.012","volume":"15","author":"A Westerlund","year":"2014","unstructured":"Westerlund A, Bottai M, Adami HO, et al. Habitual sleep patterns and the distribution of body mass index: cross-sectional findings among Swedish men and women. Sleep Med. 2014;15(10):1196\u20131203.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"913_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2016.07.005","volume":"12","author":"CL Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin CL, Lin CP, Chen SW, et al. The association between sleep duration and overweight or obesity in Taiwanese adults: A cross-sectional study. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2018;12(4):384\u2013388.","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"913_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.9.1085","volume":"30","author":"M Basner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Basner M, Fomberstein KM, Razavi FM, et al. American time use survey: sleep time and its relationship to waking activities. Sleep. 2007;30(9):1085\u20131095.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"913_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00543.x","volume":"15","author":"E Kronholm","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kronholm E, Harma M, Hublin C, et al. Self-reported sleep duration in Finnish general population. J Sleep Res. 2006;15(3):276\u2013290.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"913_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.8.1k","volume":"23","author":"G Jean-Louis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jean-Louis G, Kripke DF, Ancoli-Israel S. Sleep and quality of well-being. Sleep. 2000;23(8):1115\u20131121.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"913_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00627.x","volume":"17","author":"E Kronholm","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kronholm E, Partonen T, Laatikainen T, et al. Trends in self-reported sleep duration and insomnia-related symptoms in Finland from 1972 to 2005: a comparative review and re-analysis of Finnish population samples. J Sleep Res. 2008;17(1):54\u201362.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"913_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.3.289","volume":"33","author":"KG Hairston","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hairston KG, Bryer-Ash M, Norris JM, et al. Sleep duration and five-year abdominal fat accumulation in a minority cohort: the IRAS family study. Sleep. 2010;33(3):289\u2013295.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"10","key":"913_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22289","volume":"26","author":"SA Dekker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dekker SA, Noordam R, Biermasz NR, et al. Habitual Sleep Measures are Associated with Overall Body Fat, and not Specifically with Visceral Fat, in Men and Women. Obesity. 2018;26(10):1651\u20131658.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"11","key":"913_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00008","volume":"141","author":"K Spiegel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, et al. Brief communication: Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(11):846\u2013850.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"913_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.05.002","volume":"20","author":"L Rafalson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rafalson L, Donahue RP, Stranges S, et al. Short sleep duration is associated with the development of impaired fasting glucose: the Western New York Health Study. Ann Epidemiol. 2010;20(12):883\u2013889.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"913_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.16.1756","volume":"166","author":"MR Irwin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Irwin MR, Wang M, Campomayor CO, et al. Sleep deprivation and activation of morning levels of cellular and genomic markers of inflammation. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(16):1756\u20131762.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"913_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.050","volume":"43","author":"HK Meier-Ewert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Meier-Ewert HK, Ridker PM, Rifai N, et al. Effect of sleep loss on C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(4):678\u2013683.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"913_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.02.010","volume":"84","author":"S Reutrakul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reutrakul S, Van Cauter E. Sleep influences on obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2018;84:56\u201366.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"913_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.01.002","volume":"11","author":"KL Knutson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Knutson KL, Spiegel K, Penev P, et al. The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11(3):163\u2013178.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"913_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.11.001","volume":"40","author":"X Tan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan X, Chapman CD, Cedernaes J, et al. Association between long sleep duration and increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes: A review of possible mechanisms. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;40:127\u2013134.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"913_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.4","volume":"32","author":"AN Vgontzas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vgontzas AN, Lin HM, Papaliaga M, et al. Short sleep duration and obesity: the role of emotional stress and sleep disturbances. Int J Obes. 2008;32(5):801\u2013809.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"7","key":"913_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp230","volume":"170","author":"DS Lauderdale","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Rathouz PJ, et al. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between objectively measured sleep duration and body mass index: the CARDIA Sleep Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(7):805\u2013813.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"913_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.172","volume":"38","author":"AN Vgontzas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Miksiewicz T, et al. Unveiling the longitudinal association between short sleep duration and the incidence of obesity: the Penn State Cohort. Int J Obes. 2014;38(6):825\u2013832.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"}],"container-title":["BMC Endocrine Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00913-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00913-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00913-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T19:09:00Z","timestamp":1666897740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00913-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00913-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study design and data analyses were performed in Nankai University, while questionnaire interview and measurement of obesity indexes were performed in Tianjin First Central Hospital and Tianjin People\u2019s Hospital. The protocol for the research was reviewed and approved by ethical committees from Nankai University and the hospitals in which the study was conducted. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"247"}}