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In this study, we proposed a severe maternal caloric restriction during late pregnancy, followed by a post weaning high-fat diet in mice. After weaning, normal and high-fat diets were provided to mice to simulate the dietary pattern of modern society.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The pregnant mice were divided into two groups: normal birth weight (NBW) group and low birth weight (LBW) group. After 3\u2009weeks for weaning, the male offspring mice in the NBW and LBW groups were then randomly divided into four subgroups: NC, NH, LC and LC groups. The offspring mice in the NC, NH, LC and LC groups were respectively fed with normal diet, normal diet, high-fat diet and high-fat diet for 18\u2009weeks. After 18\u2009weeks of dietary intervention, detailed analyses of mRNA and protein expression patterns, signaling pathway activities, and promoter methylation states were conducted for all relevant genes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After dietary intervention for 18\u2009weeks, the expressions of CD36, Fabp4, PPAR\u03b3, FAS, and ACC1 in the skeletal muscle tissue of the LH group were significantly increased compared with the LC and NH groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The level of p-AMPK\/AMPK in the skeletal muscle tissue of the LH group was significantly decreased compared with the LC and NH groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). CPT1 and PGC-1\u03b1 protein expressions were up-regulated in the LH group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared to the LC group. Additionally, the DNA methylation levels of the PGC-1\u03b1 and GLUT4 gene promoters in the skeletal muscle of the LH groups were higher than those of the LC and NH groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, PPAR\u03b3 DNA methylation level in the LH group was lower than those of the LC and NH groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>LBW combined with high-fat diets may increase insulin resistance and diabetes through regulating the CD36-related Fabp4-PPAR\u03b3 and AMPK\/ACC signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00921-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T09:03:53Z","timestamp":1641287033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The role of CD36-Fabp4-PPAR\u03b3 in skeletal muscle involves insulin resistance in intrauterine growth retardation mice with catch-up growth"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linquan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuling","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuqin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"921_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.04.060","volume":"187","author":"N Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li N, Li Z, Ye R, Liu J, Ren A. 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